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    Hi Jeff,<br>
    You might want to google "how to orthorectify an aerial photo" so
    that you begin to understand the enormity on both the task and the
    information needed, for "How to correctly georeference...." an
    image.<br>
    That is why I asked you the type of terrain (flat or not) in my
    first response.<br>
    Reading the other responses, and assuming that it is mostly for
    visual use, rubber-sheeting is your simplest method - even if
    tedious. You're not going to get great results if the terrain is
    mountainous.<br>
    <br>
    Hope you don't have too many images......<br>
    <br>
    Regards,<br>
    Zoltan<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2016/11/17 09:56, Jeff Ngwane wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CANqcA6NZm3+kCNCgyuoRn554PT3qjekZRQuDr8CATGFWs7nJ+Q@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span
style="font-size:7pt;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(80,0,80)">Thank
            you very much for responses.  <span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span
style="font-size:7pt;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(80,0,80)"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span
style="font-size:7pt;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(80,0,80)">I
            am ok with the output because I use raster
            georeferencing for display purposes and will be done in
            conjunction with latest
            satellite image.  Actually, I got GCPs
            from Google Earth image. The problem is when georeferenced
            image get loaded up on
            QGIS it does not align with cadastre. I do not have a
            problem with topographic
            maps as they do align; same applies to satellite images with
            map projection (old
            and new). My main challenge is with historical aerial photo
            maps from NGI. I
            only received images (jpeg) and flight plans from NGI with
            no .tfw file and struggling.
              <span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span
style="font-size:7pt;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(80,0,80)"><span> </span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span
style="font-size:7pt;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(80,0,80)">With
            Thanks <span></span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span
style="font-size:7pt;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(80,0,80)"><span> </span></span></p>
        <span
style="font-size:7pt;line-height:115%;font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(80,0,80)">Jeff</span><br>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On 17 November 2016 at 08:47, Aslam
          Parker <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:Aslam.Parker@drdlr.gov.za" target="_blank">Aslam.Parker@drdlr.gov.za</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi<br>
            <br>
            Please let me clarify :)<br>
            <br>
            NGI standard orthorectification is a rigorous process that
            uses high resolution aerial imagery, post processed external
            orientation parameters, precise camera models, photo ground
            control, rigorous bundle block adjustment, digital elevation
            models and individual orthorectification, mosaicking, colour
            balancing and cutting into tiles, and finally compression.<br>
            <br>
            When I said we do it all the time, I was referring to
            numerous requests for add-hoc georeferencing of our
            historical imagery, especially for land restitution. As you
            are aware, our digital orthorimagery only dates back to
            1990's but we have historical aerial imagery dating back to
            1926. In this case we often use the rubber sheeting method,
            but are aware of its limitations. We are looking into
            software that is specifically suited for orthorectification
            of historical imagery using DEM and patch rectification.<br>
            <br>
            I trust that this clarifies matters.<br>
            <span class="im HOEnZb"><br>
              <br>
              -----Original Message-----<br>
              From: Africa [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:africa-bounces@lists.osgeo.org">africa-bounces@lists.<wbr>osgeo.org</a>]
              On Behalf Of Chris<br>
              Sent: 17 November 2016 07:20 AM<br>
              To: Africa local chapter discussions<br>
            </span>
            <div class="HOEnZb">
              <div class="h5">Subject: Re: [OSGeo Africa] Georeferencing
                or overlaying old aerial photograph with cadastre<br>
                <br>
                <br>
                    Morning Aslam ,<br>
                <br>
                    Georeferencing by common points<br>
                <br>
                    I believe you guys ( NGI / SG )  have a more
                advanced way of doing this<br>
                    whereby one ends up with a proper accurate
                geo-refeerenced orthophoto<br>
                    ( orthorectified )<br>
                <br>
                    I am curious ?<br>
                <br>
                    CM<br>
                <br>
                <br>
                <br>
                On 16 Nov 2016 at 11:06, Aslam Parker wrote:<br>
                <br>
                > Hi Jeff<br>
                <br>
                > My colleague Muhammed Deal <<a
                  moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="mailto:Muhammed.Deal@drdlr.gov.za">Muhammed.Deal@drdlr.gov.za</a>>
                has a tutorial<br>
                > that he can send you, we do this all the time on
                QGIS.<br>
                <br>
                > Please take note that if you do a georeferencing by
                common points,<br>
                > this amounts to  rubbersheet/transformation and
                does not create an<br>
                > orthorectified imagery and the georeferencing will
                be approximate.<br>
                <br>
                <br>
                <br>
                > From: Africa [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                  href="mailto:africa-bounces@lists.osgeo.org">africa-bounces@lists.<wbr>osgeo.org</a>]
                On Behalf Of Jeff<br>
                > Ngwane Sent: 16 November 2016 12:17 PM To: Africa
                local chapter<br>
                > discussions Subject: [OSGeo Africa] Georeferencing
                or overlaying old<br>
                > aerial photograph with cadastre<br>
                <br>
                > Hi,<br>
                <br>
                > How to correctly georeference old aerial photograph
                (i.e 1972) for<br>
                > purpose of being aligned with up to date cadastre
                on QGIS recent<br>
                > versions? I have been trying but in vain. Please
                help me.<br>
                <br>
                > Thank<br>
                <br>
                > Jeff<br>
                <br>
                <br>
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            </div>
          </blockquote>
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    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 

===========================================
Zoltan Szecsei PrGISc [PGP0031]
Geograph (Pty) Ltd.
GIS and Photogrammetric Services

P.O. Box 7, Muizenberg 7950, South Africa.

Mobile: +27-83-6004028
Fax:    +27-86-6115323     <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.geograph.co.za">www.geograph.co.za</a>
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