<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi Laurentiu,</div><div><br></div><div>I am using the pymodis library: <a href="https://github.com/lucadelu/pyModis/tree/master">https://github.com/lucadelu/pyModis/tree/master</a> to extract the LST and QC bands from a MODIS (aqua / terra) MOD11A1 product. Upon checking the code, it looks like internally the library has the following gdal calls for the tasks I execute:</div><div>gdal.AutoCreateWarpedVRT</div><div>gdal.ReprojectImage</div><div><br></div><div>I execute the script like this:<br>modis_convert.py -s "( 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 )" -g 30 -o 2025-03-14 -e 32618 MOD11A1.A2025073.h10v10.061.2025074095514.hdf</div><div><br></div><div>Here:</div><div>-s : Select the bands to extract (LST in this case)</div><div>-g : Spatial resolution of the output file (30m)</div><div>-o : Prefix of the output file</div><div>-e : EPSG code for the output (EPSG:32618)</div><div>MOD11A1.A2025073.h10v10.061.2025074095514.hdf: MODIS terra product</div><div><br></div><div>To test the effects of cache and multi-threading I set the config options at the start of the program like this:</div><div>gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_NUM_THREADS", "ALL_CPUS")<br>gdal.SetConfigOption("GDAL_CACHEMAX", "2G")</div><div><br></div><div>RAM usage is not much of a concern as at a time, I process a single product for now, so I can allocate a higher amount if needed and if it speeds up things.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks for your insights regarding NUM_THREADS and CACHEMAX. Is there a dedicated option to enable multi-threading i.e. -m using python or does ALL_CPUS enable multi-threading automatically. Is there a difference between -m and ALL_CPUS?</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks and Regards,</div><div>Varisht Ghedia</div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, 1 Apr 2025 at 22:15, <<a href="mailto:gdal-dev-request@lists.osgeo.org">gdal-dev-request@lists.osgeo.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="msg-266615803693024717">Send gdal-dev mailing list submissions to<br>
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Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. Re: Fwd: Performance Variability with GDAL Caching and<br>
Multi-Threading for MODIS Data (Lauren?iu Nicola)<br>
2. GDAL 3.10.3 release candidate available (Even Rouault)<br>
3. Proposal for GDAL Driver: EOPF Zarr (Earth Observation<br>
Product Format) (Adagale Yuvraj Bhagwan)<br>
<br><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: "Laurențiu Nicola" <<a href="mailto:lnicola@dend.ro" target="_blank">lnicola@dend.ro</a>><br>To: <a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a><br>Cc: <br>Bcc: <br>Date: Tue, 01 Apr 2025 10:40:43 +0300<br>Subject: Re: [gdal-dev] Fwd: Performance Variability with GDAL Caching and Multi-Threading for MODIS Data<br><u></u><div><div style="font-family:Arial">Hi,<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial">Since it's not exactly clear from your description, what operations are you running, just the equivalent of <span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">gdal.Translate()</span>? <span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">gdal.Warp()</span>? GDAL can use threading in a couple of places:<br></div><ul><li style="font-family:Arial">to compress the output before writing it, e.g. the <span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">NUM_THREADS</span> creation option of GTiff <br></li><li style="font-family:Arial">to decompress the input when reading a region larger than one block or strip, e.g. the <span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">NUM_THREADS</span> open option of GTiff<br></li><li style="font-family:Arial">for pipelining the I/O and warping in <span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">gdalwarp</span> (<span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">-multi</span>)<br></li><li style="font-family:Arial">to parallelize warping itself in gdalwarp (<span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">-wo NUM_THREADS</span>)<br></li></ul><div style="font-family:Arial">And of course, there might be others I'm not aware of.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial">I'm not sure about the effects you see when setting the cache, but note that the default cache <span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">GDAL_CACHEMAX</span> is "5% of the usable physical RAM, [...] consulted the first
time the cache size is requested". To disable the cache you can use <span style="font-family:menlo,consolas,monospace,sans-serif">GDAL_CACHEMAX=0</span>, which can reduce the memory usage and speed up the program in very specific cases (e.g. when processing one block at a time without reading parts of the input twice), but becomes a lot less useful when you do any kind of warping or resampling.<br></div><div style="font-family:Arial"><br></div><div style="font-family:Arial">Laurentiu</div><div style="font-family:Arial"><br></div><div>On Tue, Apr 1, 2025, at 10:19, Varisht Ghedia via gdal-dev wrote:<br></div><blockquote type="cite" id="m_-266615803693024717qt"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><p>Dear GDAL Developers,<br></p><p>I am working on optimizing the processing times for MODIS datasets (LST_1Km and QC Day tile) using <code>pymodis</code> with some modifications. Specifically, I have added flags for:<br></p><ul><li><p>Running on all available CPU cores (<code>ALL_CORES</code>)<br></p></li><li><p>Adjusting GDAL cache size (<code>GDAL_CACHEMAX</code>)<br></p></li></ul><p>However, I am observing unexpected performance variations. In some cases, increasing the cache size degrades performance instead of improving it. Below are my test results for two different datasets from the same tile. Tile used: MOD11A1.A2025073.h10v10.061.2025074095514.hdf<br></p><p>EPSG:32618, Resampled to 30m<br></p><h3><b>QC_tile.tif</b><br></h3><pre><code>ALL_CORES + 2G
real 0m24.199s
user 0m53.352s
sys 0m9.998s
STANDARD RUN (No Cache, No Multi-Threading)
real 0m32.133s
user 0m30.581s
sys 0m2.299s
ALL_CORES + 512M
real 0m13.830s
user 0m51.083s
sys 0m1.911s
</code><br></pre><p>With 512M cache, performance improves significantly, but with larger caches (1G, 2G, 4G), execution time increases.<br></p><h3><b>LST_Day_1km.tif</b><br></h3><pre><code>ALL_CORES + 512M
real 0m42.863s
user 0m44.105s
sys 0m3.583s
STANDARD RUN (No Cache, No Multi-Threading)
real 0m45.121s
user 0m26.477s
sys 0m3.712s
ALL_CORES + 2G
real 0m37.548s
user 0m48.302s
sys 0m8.113s
ALL_CORES + 4G
real 0m51.845s
user 0m48.213s
sys 0m7.988s
</code><br></pre><p>For this dataset, using a 2G cache improves performance, but increasing it to 4G makes processing slower.<br></p><h3><b>Questions:</b><br></h3><ol><li><p>How does GDAL’s caching mechanism impact performance in these scenarios?<br></p></li><li><p>Why does increasing cache size sometimes degrade performance?<br></p></li><li><p>Is there a recommended way to tune cache settings for MODIS HDF processing, considering that some layers (like QC) behave differently from others (like LST_1Km)?<br></p></li></ol><p>Any insights into how GDAL handles multi-threading and caching internally would be greatly appreciated.<br></p><p>Thanks in advance for your help!<br></p><p>Best regards,<br></p><p>Varisht Ghedia<br></p></div></div></div><div>_______________________________________________<br></div><div>gdal-dev mailing list<br></div><div><a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a><br></div><div><a href="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/gdal-dev" target="_blank">https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/gdal-dev</a><br></div><div><br></div></blockquote><div style="font-family:Arial"><br></div></div><br><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: Even Rouault <<a href="mailto:even.rouault@spatialys.com" target="_blank">even.rouault@spatialys.com</a>><br>To: "<a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a>><br>Cc: <br>Bcc: <br>Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2025 13:09:27 +0200<br>Subject: [gdal-dev] GDAL 3.10.3 release candidate available<br>Hi,<br>
<br>
I have prepared a GDAL/OGR 3.10.3 release candidate.<br>
<br>
Pick up an archive among the following ones (by ascending size):<br>
<br>
<a href="https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdal-3.10.3rc1.tar.xz" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdal-3.10.3rc1.tar.xz</a><br>
<a href="https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdal-3.10.3rc1.tar.gz" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdal-3.10.3rc1.tar.gz</a><br>
<a href="https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdal3103rc1.zip" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdal3103rc1.zip</a><br>
<br>
A snapshot of the gdalautotest suite is also available:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdalautotest-3.10.3rc1.tar.gz" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdalautotest-3.10.3rc1.tar.gz</a><br>
h ttps://<a href="http://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdalautotest-3.10.3rc1.zip" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.10.3/gdalautotest-3.10.3rc1.zip</a><br>
<br>
The NEWS file is here:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/blob/v3.10.3RC1/NEWS.md" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/blob/v3.10.3RC1/NEWS.md</a><br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
<br>
Even<br>
<br>
-- <br>
<a href="http://www.spatialys.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.spatialys.com</a><br>
My software is free, but my time generally not.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: Adagale Yuvraj Bhagwan <<a href="mailto:Yuvraj.Adagale@eurac.edu" target="_blank">Yuvraj.Adagale@eurac.edu</a>><br>To: "<a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a>><br>Cc: <br>Bcc: <br>Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2025 16:45:48 +0000<br>Subject: [gdal-dev] Proposal for GDAL Driver: EOPF Zarr (Earth Observation Product Format)<br>
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Hello GDAL Community,</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
We’re developing a GDAL driver for the Earth Observation Product Format (EOPF), a cloud-optimized Zarr-based format tailored for large-scale EO data. <br>
This driver aims to enable seamless access to EOPF datasets and their metadata through GDAL, supporting features like chunked I/O, and compatibility with STAC metadata.</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Key features:<br>
- Support for Zarr V2/V3 structures with EOPF-specific enhancements.<br>
- Integration with cloud storage (S3, GCS, etc.).<br>
- Alignment with ESA/Copernicus data standards.</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
We’d appreciate your feedback on integration requirements and best practices. The code is available at
<a href="https://github.com/EOPF-Sample-Service/GDAL-ZARR-EOPF" id="m_-266615803693024717OWA8ee4ea14-0fb8-fc69-f846-42f08ca4d04f" title="https://github.com/eopf-sample-service/gdal-zarr-eopf" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">
EOPF-Sample-Service/GDAL-ZARR-EOPF</a>, and we plan to submit a PR soon.</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em"></div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
</div>
<div style="margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;font-family:Aptos,Aptos_EmbeddedFont,Aptos_MSFontService,Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Best regards,</div>
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<p style="text-align:left;text-indent:0px;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:16pt;color:rgb(223,27,18)"><b>Yuvraj Adagale</b></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;text-indent:0px;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:8pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)">Nachricht und etwaige Kopien und Anlagen zu vernichten.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;text-indent:0px;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:8pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)"> </span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;text-indent:0px;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:8pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)">Ai sensi del Regolamento UE 679/2016 questo messaggio è ad uso esclusivo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;text-indent:0px;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:8pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)">del destinatario e può contenere informazioni riservate. Qualora Le fosse</span></p>
<p style="text-align:left;text-indent:0px;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:8pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)">pervenuto per errore, Le chiediamo gentilmente di comunicarcelo
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<p style="text-align:left;text-indent:0px;margin:0cm"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:8pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)">immediatamente via e-mail ed eliminare qualsiasi copia e allegato.</span></p>
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