[geos-commits] [SCM] GEOS branch master updated. 39d9c0dbefc0cc74df35842be031f22d90c12d07

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- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------
commit 39d9c0dbefc0cc74df35842be031f22d90c12d07
Author: Martin Davis <mtnclimb at gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 6 11:28:24 2021 -0800

    Add geosop utility

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index ac53e3c..89b05ec 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -285,6 +285,11 @@ endif()
 add_subdirectory(benchmarks)
 
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Utils
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+add_subdirectory(util)
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Documentation/Examples
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 add_subdirectory(doc)
diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index a9d78fc..dac8e06 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ SUBDIRS = \
 	macros  \
 	tests   \
 	benchmarks \
+	util \
 	tools
 
 BUILT_SOURCES =
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 1788345..39d9ecf 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -422,11 +422,11 @@ AC_OUTPUT([
 	tools/Makefile
 	tools/geos-config
 	tools/astyle/Makefile
+	util/Makefile
+	util/geosop/Makefile
 	])
 
 dnl AC_MSG_RESULT([ ------------ GEOS Build ------------ ])
 dnl AC_MSG_RESULT([  Version:      ${VERSION}])
 dnl AC_MSG_RESULT([  Inlining:     ${enable_inline}])
 dnl AC_MSG_RESULT([ ------------------------------------ ])
-
-
diff --git a/util/CMakeLists.txt b/util/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfb345c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+################################################################################
+# Part of CMake configuration for GEOS
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+#
+# This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+# the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation.
+# See the COPYING file for more information.
+################################################################################
+
+add_subdirectory(geosop)
diff --git a/util/Makefile.am b/util/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd08508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#
+# This file is part of project GEOS (http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/)
+#
+SUBDIRS = \
+	geosop
+
+
+LIBS = $(top_builddir)/src/libgeos.la
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/include
+
+EXTRA_DIST = CMakeLists.txt
diff --git a/util/geosop/CMakeLists.txt b/util/geosop/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ecd2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+################################################################################
+# Part of CMake configuration for GEOS
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+#
+# This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+# the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+# by the Free Software Foundation.
+# See the COPYING file for more information.
+################################################################################
+
+add_executable(geosop
+  GeosOp.cpp
+  GeomFunction.cpp
+  WKBStreamReader.cpp
+  WKTStreamReader.cpp )
+
+target_link_libraries(geosop PRIVATE geos geos_c)
diff --git a/util/geosop/GeomFunction.cpp b/util/geosop/GeomFunction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb75925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/GeomFunction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#include <geos/geom/Geometry.h>
+#include <geos/geom/Point.h>
+#include <geos/geom/LineString.h>
+#include <geos/geom/LinearRing.h>
+#include <geos/geom/Polygon.h>
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryCollection.h>
+#include <geos/geom/IntersectionMatrix.h>
+#include <geos/geom/PrecisionModel.h>
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/geom/prep/PreparedGeometry.h>
+#include <geos/geom/prep/PreparedGeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/operation/relate/RelateOp.h>
+#include <geos/operation/valid/MakeValid.h>
+#include <geos/operation/overlayng/OverlayNG.h>
+#include <geos/operation/polygonize/Polygonizer.h>
+#include <geos/precision/GeometryPrecisionReducer.h>
+
+#include "GeomFunction.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+using geos::operation::overlayng::OverlayNG;
+
+/* static private */
+std::map<std::string, GeomFunction*> GeomFunction::registry;
+
+static std::unique_ptr<const PreparedGeometry> prepGeomCache;
+static Geometry *cacheKey;
+
+/* static */
+void
+GeomFunction::init()
+{
+    add("area",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->getArea() );
+        });
+    add("boundary",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->getBoundary() );
+        });
+    add("buffer", "cmputes the buffer of geometry A", 1, 1,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->buffer( d ) );
+        });
+    add("centroid",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->getCentroid() );
+        });
+    add("copy",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->clone() );
+        });
+    add("convexHull",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->convexHull() );
+        });
+    add("contains", "tests if geometry A contains geometry B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->contains( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("covers", "tests if geometry A covers geometry B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->covers( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+     add("envelope",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->getCentroid() );
+        });
+    add("interiorPoint",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->getInteriorPoint() );
+        });
+    add("intersects", "tests if geometry A and B intersect", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->intersects( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("isValid", "tests if geometry A is valid", 1, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->isValid() );
+        });
+    add("length",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->getLength() );
+        });
+    add("makeValid",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geos::operation::valid::MakeValid().build( geom.get() ) );
+        });
+
+    add("polygonize",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            geos::operation::polygonize::Polygonizer p;
+            p.add(geom.get());
+
+            auto polys = p.getPolygons();
+            std::vector<geom::Geometry*>* geoms = new std::vector<geom::Geometry*>;
+            for(unsigned int i = 0; i < polys.size(); i++) {
+                geoms->push_back(polys[i].release());
+            }
+            auto factory = geom->getFactory();
+            Geometry * res = factory->createGeometryCollection(geoms);
+            return new Result( res) ;
+        });
+
+    add("containsPrep", "tests if geometry A contains geometry B, using PreparedGeometry", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            if (cacheKey == nullptr || cacheKey != geom.get()) {
+                auto pg = std::unique_ptr<const PreparedGeometry>(
+                    PreparedGeometryFactory::prepare( geom.get()) );
+                prepGeomCache = std::move( pg );
+                cacheKey = geom.get();
+            }
+            return new Result( prepGeomCache->contains( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("containsProperlyPrep", "tests if geometry A properly contains geometry B using PreparedGeometry", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            if (cacheKey == nullptr || cacheKey != geom.get()) {
+                auto pg = std::unique_ptr<const PreparedGeometry>(
+                    PreparedGeometryFactory::prepare( geom.get()) );
+                prepGeomCache = std::move( pg );
+                cacheKey = geom.get();
+            }
+            return new Result( prepGeomCache->containsProperly( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("coversPrep", "tests if geometry A covers geometry B using PreparedGeometry", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            if (cacheKey == nullptr || cacheKey != geom.get()) {
+                auto pg = std::unique_ptr<const PreparedGeometry>(
+                    PreparedGeometryFactory::prepare( geom.get()) );
+                prepGeomCache = std::move( pg );
+                cacheKey = geom.get();
+            }
+            return new Result( prepGeomCache->covers( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("intersectsPrep", "tests if geometry A intersects geometry B using PreparedGeometry", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            if (cacheKey == nullptr || cacheKey != geom.get()) {
+                auto pg = std::unique_ptr<const PreparedGeometry>(
+                    PreparedGeometryFactory::prepare( geom.get()) );
+                prepGeomCache = std::move( pg );
+                cacheKey = geom.get();
+            }
+            return new Result( prepGeomCache->intersects( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+
+
+    add("reducePrecision", "reduces precision of geometry to a precision scale factor", 1, 1,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            PrecisionModel pm(d);
+            return new Result( geos::precision::GeometryPrecisionReducer::reduce( *geom, pm ) );
+        });
+    add("relate", "computes DE-9IM matrix for geometry A and B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            std::unique_ptr<geom::IntersectionMatrix> im(geom->relate( geomB.get() ));
+            return new Result( im->toString() );
+        });
+
+
+    add("difference", "computes difference of geometry A from B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->difference( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("intersection", "computes intersection of geometry A and B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->intersection( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("symDifference", "computes symmetric difference of geometry A and B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->symDifference( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+    add("unaryUnion",
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->Union() );
+        });
+    add("union", "computes union of geometry A and B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            return new Result( geom->Union( geomB.get() ) );
+        });
+
+    add("differenceSR", "computes difference of geometry A from B rounding to a precision scale factor", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            geom::PrecisionModel pm(d);
+            return new Result( OverlayNG::overlay(geom.get(), geomB.get(), OverlayNG::DIFFERENCE, &pm) );
+        });
+    add("intersectionSR", "computes intersection of geometry A and B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            geom::PrecisionModel pm(d);
+            return new Result( OverlayNG::overlay(geom.get(), geomB.get(), OverlayNG::INTERSECTION, &pm) );
+        });
+    add("symDifferenceSR", "computes symmetric difference of geometry A and B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            geom::PrecisionModel pm(d);
+            return new Result( OverlayNG::overlay(geom.get(), geomB.get(), OverlayNG::SYMDIFFERENCE, &pm) );
+        });
+    add("unionSR", "computes union of geometry A and B", 2, 0,
+        [](const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d)->Result* {
+            geom::PrecisionModel pm(d);
+            return new Result( OverlayNG::overlay(geom.get(), geomB.get(), OverlayNG::UNION, &pm) );
+        });
+
+}
+
+/* static */
+GeomFunction*
+GeomFunction::find(std::string name)
+{
+    if (registry.count(name) == 0)
+        return nullptr;
+    return registry[name];
+}
+
+/* static */
+void
+GeomFunction::add(std::string name, geomFunSig geomfun)
+{
+    add(name,
+        "computes " + name + " for geometry A",
+        1, 0, geomfun);
+}
+
+/* static */
+void
+GeomFunction::add(std::string name,
+                    std::string desc,
+                    int nGeomParam,
+                    int nParam,
+                    geomFunSig geomfun)
+{
+    auto fun = new GeomFunction();
+    fun->funName = name;
+    fun->description = desc;
+    fun->geomfun = geomfun;
+    fun->numGeomParam = nGeomParam;
+    fun->numParam = nParam;
+
+    registry.insert( std::pair<std::string, GeomFunction *>(name, fun) );
+}
+
+std::string GeomFunction::name()
+{
+    return funName;
+}
+
+bool GeomFunction::isBinary()
+{
+    return numGeomParam == 2;
+}
+
+std::string GeomFunction::signature() {
+    std::string sig = funName + " A";
+    if (isBinary()) {
+        sig += " B";
+    }
+    if (numParam > 0) sig += " N";
+    return sig;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string>
+GeomFunction::list()
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> list;
+    for (auto itr = registry.begin(); itr != registry.end(); ++itr) {
+        auto fun = itr->second;
+        auto desc = fun->signature() + " - " + fun->description;
+        // TODO: add display of function signature
+        list.push_back( desc );
+    }
+    return list;
+}
+
+Result * GeomFunction::execute( const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomA, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d )
+{
+    return geomfun( geomA, geomB, d );
+}
+
+//===============================================
+
+Result::Result(bool val)
+{
+    valBool = val;
+    typeCode = typeBool;
+}
+
+Result::Result(int  val)
+{
+    valInt = val;
+    typeCode = typeInt;
+}
+
+Result::Result(double val)
+{
+    valDouble = val;
+    typeCode = typeDouble;
+}
+
+Result::Result(std::string val)
+{
+    valStr = val;
+    typeCode = typeString;
+}
+
+Result::Result(std::unique_ptr<geom::Geometry> val)
+{
+    valGeom = std::move(val);
+    typeCode = typeGeometry;
+}
+
+Result::Result(Geometry * val)
+{
+    valGeom = std::unique_ptr<Geometry>(val);
+    typeCode = typeGeometry;
+}
+
+Result::~Result()
+{
+}
+
+bool
+Result::isGeometry() {
+    return typeCode == typeGeometry;
+}
+
+std::string
+Result::toString() {
+    std::stringstream converter;
+    switch (typeCode) {
+    case typeBool:
+        converter << std::boolalpha << valBool;
+        return converter.str();
+
+    case typeInt:
+        converter << valInt;
+        return converter.str();
+
+    case typeDouble:
+        converter << valDouble;
+        return converter.str();
+
+    case typeString:
+        return valStr;
+
+    case typeGeometry:
+        if (valGeom == nullptr)
+            return "null";
+        return valGeom->toString();
+    }
+    return "Value for Unknonwn type";
+}
+
+std::string
+Result::metadata() {
+    switch (typeCode) {
+    case typeBool:    return "bool";
+    case typeInt:     return "int";
+    case typeDouble:  return "double";
+    case typeString:  return "string";
+
+    case typeGeometry:
+        if (valGeom == nullptr)
+            return "null";
+        return valGeom->getGeometryType() + "( " + std::to_string( valGeom->getNumPoints() ) + " )";
+    }
+    return "Unknonwn type";
+}
diff --git a/util/geosop/GeomFunction.h b/util/geosop/GeomFunction.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d2708d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/GeomFunction.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef GEOS_GEOMFUNCTION_H
+#define GEOS_GEOMFUNCTION_H
+
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/geom/PrecisionModel.h>
+#include <geos/geom/prep/PreparedGeometry.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <functional>
+
+using namespace geos;
+using namespace geos::geom;
+using namespace geos::geom::prep;
+
+class Result {
+public:
+    bool valBool;
+    int valInt;
+    double valDouble;
+    std::string valStr;
+    std::unique_ptr<Geometry> valGeom;
+
+    Result(bool val);
+    Result(int val);
+    Result(std::string val);
+    Result(double val);
+    Result(std::unique_ptr<Geometry> val);
+    Result(Geometry * val);
+    ~Result();
+
+    bool isGeometry();
+    std::string metadata();
+    std::string toString();
+
+private:
+    enum {
+        typeBool = 1, typeInt, typeDouble, typeString, typeGeometry
+    } typeCode;
+};
+
+typedef std::function<Result *( const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>&, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>&, double d )>
+    geomFunSig;
+
+class GeomFunction {
+
+public:
+    static void init();
+    static GeomFunction* find(std::string name);
+    static std::vector<std::string> list();
+
+    std::string name();
+    bool isBinary();
+    std::string signature();
+
+    Result * execute( const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomA,
+        const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB, double d );
+
+private:
+    static void add(std::string name, geomFunSig geomfun);
+    static void add(std::string name,
+                    std::string desc,
+                    int nGeom,
+                    int nParam,
+                    geomFunSig geomfun);
+
+    static std::map<std::string, GeomFunction*> registry;
+
+    //static geos::geom::prep::PreparedGeometry *prepGeomCache;
+    //static Geometry *cacheKey;
+
+    //---------------------------
+
+    std::string funName;
+    std::string description;
+
+    int numGeomParam;  // number of *required* geometry parameters (0,1,2)
+    int numParam;  // number of none-geometry parameters (0 or 1 currently)
+    //TODO: add result type?
+
+    geomFunSig geomfun;
+
+};
+
+#endif // GEOS_GEOMFUNCTION_H
diff --git a/util/geosop/GeosOp.cpp b/util/geosop/GeosOp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f30bd24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/GeosOp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#include <geos/profiler.h>
+
+#include <geos/geom/Geometry.h>
+#include <geos/geom/Point.h>
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/operation/valid/MakeValid.h>
+#include <geos/io/WKTReader.h>
+#include <geos/io/WKTWriter.h>
+#include <geos/io/WKBReader.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "WKTStreamReader.h"
+#include "WKBStreamReader.h"
+#include "GeomFunction.h"
+#include "GeosOp.h"
+#include "cxxopts.hpp"
+
+using namespace geos;
+using namespace geos::geom;
+using namespace geos::io;
+
+std::string const GeosOp::opNames[] = {
+    "area",
+    "boundary",
+    "buffer D",
+    "centroid",
+    "convexHull",
+    "envelope",
+    "interiorPoint",
+    "isValid",
+    "length",
+    "makeValid",
+    "union",
+};
+
+
+void showHelp() {
+    std::cout << "geosop executes GEOS geometry operations on inputs." << std::endl;
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Usage: geosop [wktfile] opname args..." << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    GeomFunction::init();
+
+    GeosOpArgs cmdArgs;
+
+    cxxopts::Options options("geosop", "Executes GEOS geometry operations");
+    options.add_options()
+        ("a", "source for A geometries (WKT, WKB, file, stdin, stdin.wkb)", cxxopts::value<std::string>( cmdArgs.srcA ))
+        ("b", "source for B geometries (WKT, WKB, file, stdin, stdin.wkb)", cxxopts::value<std::string>( cmdArgs.srcB ))
+        ("alimit", "Limit nunber of A geometries read", cxxopts::value<int>( cmdArgs.limitA ))
+        ("c,collect", "Collect input into single geometry", cxxopts::value<bool>( cmdArgs.isCollect ))
+        ("e,explode", "Explode result", cxxopts::value<bool>( cmdArgs.isExplode))
+        ("f,format", "Output format", cxxopts::value<std::string>( ))
+        ("h,help", "Print help")
+        ("p,precision", "Sets number of decimal places in WKT output", cxxopts::value<int>( cmdArgs.precision ) )
+        ("t,time", "Print execution time", cxxopts::value<bool>( cmdArgs.isShowTime ) )
+        ("v,verbose", "Verbose output", cxxopts::value<bool>( cmdArgs.isVerbose )->default_value("false"))
+
+        ("opName", "Operation name", cxxopts::value<std::string>()->default_value("no-op"))
+        ("opArgs", "Operation arguments ", cxxopts::value<std::vector<std::string>>())
+    ;
+
+    options.parse_positional({"opName", "opArgs"});
+    auto result = options.parse(argc, argv);
+
+    if (argc <= 1 || result.count("help")) {
+        if (result.count("help")) {
+            std::cout << "geosop - GEOS v. " << geosversion() << std::endl;
+        }
+        std::cout << options.help() << std::endl;
+        //showHelp();
+        if (result.count("help")) {
+            std::cout << "Operations:" << std::endl;
+            std::vector<std::string> ops = GeomFunction::list();
+            for (auto opName : ops) {
+               std::cout << "  " << opName << std::endl;
+            }
+
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (result.count("format")) {
+        auto fmt = result["format"].as<std::string>();
+        if (fmt == "txt" || fmt == "wkt" ) {
+            cmdArgs.format = GeosOpArgs::fmtText;
+        }
+        else if (fmt == "wkb") {
+            cmdArgs.format = GeosOpArgs::fmtWKB;
+        }
+        else {
+            std::cerr << "Invalid format value: " << fmt << std::endl;
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (result.count("opName")) {
+        cmdArgs.opName = result["opName"].as<std::string>();
+    }
+    //--- parse positional op arg (only one supported for now)
+    if (result.count("opArgs"))
+    {
+        auto& v = result["opArgs"].as<std::vector<std::string>>();
+        if (v.size() >= 1) {
+            auto val = v[0];
+            cmdArgs.opArg1 = std::stod(val);
+        }
+    }
+    GeosOp geosop(cmdArgs);
+    geosop.run();
+}
+
+GeosOp::GeosOp(GeosOpArgs& arg)
+    : args(arg)
+{
+}
+
+GeosOp::~GeosOp() {
+}
+
+std::string timeFormatted(int n)
+{
+    auto fmt = std::to_string(n);
+    int insertPosition = static_cast<int>(fmt.length()) - 3;
+    while (insertPosition > 0) {
+        fmt.insert(insertPosition, ",");
+        insertPosition-=3;
+    }
+    return fmt + " usec";
+}
+
+static bool startsWith(const std::string& s, const std::string& prefix) {
+    return s.size() >= prefix.size() && s.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool endsWith(const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix)
+{
+    return str.size() >= suffix.size() && 0 == str.compare(str.size()-suffix.size(), suffix.size(), suffix);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> collect( std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>& geoms ) {
+    auto gf = GeometryFactory::create();
+    auto gc = gf->createGeometryCollection( std::move(geoms) );
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> geomsColl;
+    geomsColl.push_back( std::move( gc ) );
+    return geomsColl;
+}
+
+bool isWKTLiteral(std::string s) {
+    // check for empty geoms (which do not have parens)
+    if (endsWith(s, " EMPTY")) return true;
+
+    // assume if string contains a ( it is WKT
+    int numLParen = std::count(s.begin(), s.end(), '(');
+    return numLParen > 0;
+}
+
+bool isWKBLiteral(std::string s) {
+    // assume WKB if only chars are [0-9] and [a-fA-F]
+    const std::string hexChars = "0123456789abcdefABCDEF";
+    return s.find_first_not_of(hexChars) == std::string::npos;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>
+readWKTFile(std::istream& in, int limit) {
+
+    WKTStreamReader rdr( in );
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> geoms;
+    int count = 0;
+    while (limit < 0 || count < limit) {
+        auto geom = rdr.next();
+        if (geom == nullptr)
+            break;
+        geoms.push_back( std::unique_ptr<Geometry>(geom) );
+        count++;
+    }
+    return geoms;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>
+readWKTFile(std::string src, int limit) {
+    if (src == "-" || src == "-.wkt" || src == "stdin" || src == "stdin.wkt") {
+        return readWKTFile( std::cin, limit );
+    }
+    std::ifstream f( src );
+    auto geoms = readWKTFile( f, limit );
+    f.close();
+    return geoms;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>
+readWKBFile(std::istream& in, int limit) {
+    WKBStreamReader rdr( in );
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> geoms;
+    int count = 0;
+    while (limit < 0 || count < limit) {
+        auto geom = rdr.next();
+        if (geom == nullptr)
+            break;
+        geoms.push_back( std::unique_ptr<Geometry>(geom) );
+        count++;
+    }
+    return geoms;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>
+readWKBFile(std::string src, int limit) {
+    if (src == "-.wkb" || src == "stdin.wkb" ) {
+        return readWKBFile( std::cin, limit );
+    }
+    std::ifstream f( src );
+    auto geoms = readWKBFile( f, limit );
+    f.close();
+    return geoms;
+}
+
+void GeosOp::log(std::string s) {
+    if (args.isVerbose) {
+        std::cout << s << std::endl;
+    }
+
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>
+GeosOp::readInput(std::string name, std::string src, int limit) {
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> geoms;
+    std::string srcDesc = "Input " + name + ": ";
+    if ( isWKTLiteral(src) ) {
+        log(srcDesc + "WKT literal");
+
+        geos::io::WKTReader rdr;
+        auto geom = rdr.read( src );
+        geoms.push_back( std::move(geom) );
+    }
+    else if ( isWKBLiteral(src) ) {
+        log(srcDesc + "WKB literal");
+
+        geos::io::WKBReader rdr;
+        std::istringstream hex(src);
+        auto geom = rdr.readHEX( hex );
+        geoms.push_back( std::move(geom) );
+    }
+    else if (endsWith(src, ".wkb")) {
+        log(srcDesc + "WKB file " + src);
+        geoms = readWKBFile( src, limit );
+    }
+    else {
+        log(srcDesc + "WKT file " + src);
+        geoms = readWKTFile( src, limit );
+    }
+    return geoms;
+}
+
+std::string geomStats(int geomCount, int geomVertices) {
+    return std::to_string(geomCount) + " geometries, "
+        + std::to_string(geomVertices) + " vertices";
+
+}
+std::string summaryStats(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>& geoms) {
+    int geomCount = 0;
+    int geomPts = 0;
+    for (const  auto& geom : geoms) {
+        geomCount++;
+        geomPts += geom->getNumPoints();
+    }
+    return geomStats(geomCount, geomPts);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>>
+GeosOp::loadInput(std::string name, std::string src, int limit) {
+    if (src.length() == 0) {
+        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> geoms;
+        return geoms;
+    }
+    geos::util::Profile sw( "Read" );
+    sw.start();
+    auto geoms = readInput( name, src, limit );
+    sw.stop();
+    auto stats = summaryStats(geoms);
+    log("Read " + stats  + "  -- " + timeFormatted( sw.getTot() ));
+    return geoms;
+}
+
+void GeosOp::run() {
+
+    auto geomsLoadA = loadInput("A", args.srcA, args.limitA);
+
+    //--- collect input into single geometry collection if specified
+    if (args.isCollect && geomsLoadA.size() > 1) {
+        geomA = collect( geomsLoadA );
+    }
+    else {
+        geomA = std::move(geomsLoadA);
+    }
+
+    geomB = loadInput("B", args.srcB, -1);
+
+    //------------------------
+
+    execute();
+
+    if (args.isShowTime || args.isVerbose) {
+        std::cout
+            << "Processed " <<  opCount << " operations ( "
+            << vertexCount << " vertices)"
+            << "  -- " << timeFormatted( totalTime )
+            << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+
+void GeosOp::execute() {
+    std::string op = args.opName;
+
+    GeomFunction * fun;
+    if (op == "" || op == "no-op") {
+        op = "copy";
+    }
+    fun = GeomFunction::find(op);
+
+    if (fun == nullptr) {
+        std::cerr << "Unknown operation: " << op << std::endl;
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    geos::util::Profile sw( op );
+    sw.start();
+
+    if (fun->isBinary()) {
+        executeBinary(fun);
+    }
+    else {
+        executeUnary(fun);
+    }
+
+    sw.stop();
+    totalTime = sw.getTot();
+}
+
+void GeosOp::executeUnary(GeomFunction * fun) {
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < geomA.size(); i++) {
+        opCount++;
+        vertexCount += geomA[i]->getNumPoints();
+        Result* result = executeOp(fun, i, geomA[i], 0, nullptr);
+
+        output(result);
+        delete result;
+    }
+}
+
+void GeosOp::executeBinary(GeomFunction * fun) {
+    for (unsigned ia = 0; ia < geomA.size(); ia++) {
+        for (unsigned ib = 0; ib < geomB.size(); ib++) {
+            opCount++;
+            vertexCount += geomA[ia]->getNumPoints();
+            vertexCount += geomB[ib]->getNumPoints();
+            Result* result = executeOp(fun, ia, geomA[ia], ib, geomB[ib]);
+
+            output(result);
+            delete result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::string inputDesc(std::string name, int index, const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom)
+{
+    if (geom == nullptr) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    std::string desc = name + "[" + std::to_string(index+1) + "] " + geom->getGeometryType()
+        + "( " + std::to_string(geom->getNumPoints()) + " )";
+    return desc;
+}
+
+Result* GeosOp::executeOp(GeomFunction * fun,
+    int indexA,
+    const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomA,
+    int indexB,
+    const std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB) {
+
+    geos::util::Profile sw( "op" );
+    sw.start();
+
+    Result* result = fun->execute( geomA, geomB, args.opArg1  );
+    sw.stop();
+
+    // avoid cost of logging if not verbose
+    if (args.isVerbose) {
+        log(
+            "[ " + std::to_string(opCount) + "] " + fun->name() + ": "
+            + inputDesc("A", indexA, geomA) + " "
+            + inputDesc("B", indexB, geomB)
+            + " -> " + result->metadata()
+            + "  --  " + timeFormatted( sw.getTot() )
+        );
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+void GeosOp::output(Result* result) {
+    //---- print result if format specified
+    if (args.format == GeosOpArgs::fmtNone )
+        return;
+
+    if (result->isGeometry() ) {
+        if (args.isExplode) {
+            outputExplode( result->valGeom );
+        }
+        else {
+            outputGeometry( result->valGeom.get() );
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        // output as text/WKT
+        std::cout << result->toString() << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+
+void GeosOp::outputExplode(std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < geom->getNumGeometries(); i++) {
+        auto g = geom->getGeometryN(i);
+        outputGeometry( g );
+    }
+}
+
+void GeosOp::outputGeometry(const Geometry * geom) {
+    if (geom == nullptr) {
+        std::cout << "null" << std::endl;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (args.format == GeosOpArgs::fmtWKB ) {
+        std::cout << *(geom) << std::endl;
+    }
+    else {
+        // output as text/WKT
+        WKTWriter writer;
+        // turn off stoopid fixed precision
+        //writer.setTrim(true);
+        if (args.precision >= 0) {
+            writer.setTrim(true);
+            writer.setRoundingPrecision(args.precision);
+        }
+        std::cout << writer.write(geom) << std::endl;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/geosop/GeosOp.h b/util/geosop/GeosOp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66f7bfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/GeosOp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef GEOS_GEOSOP_H
+#define GEOS_GEOSOP_H
+
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/geom/PrecisionModel.h>
+
+using namespace geos;
+using namespace geos::geom;
+
+
+class GeosOpArgs {
+
+public:
+    enum {
+        fmtNone, fmtText, fmtWKB
+    } format = fmtNone;
+
+    bool isShowTime = false;
+    bool isVerbose = false;
+    int precision = -1;
+
+    //std::string format;
+
+    std::string srcA;
+    int limitA = -1;
+    bool isCollect = true;
+    bool isExplode = false;
+
+    std::string srcB;
+
+    std::string opName;
+    double opArg1 = 0.0;
+    //std::string opArg2;
+};
+
+class GeosOp {
+
+public:
+    static std::string const opNames[];
+
+    GeosOp(GeosOpArgs& args);
+    ~GeosOp();
+    void run();
+
+private:
+
+    GeosOpArgs& args;
+
+    long opCount = 0;
+    long vertexCount = 0;
+    double totalTime = 0;
+
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> geomA;
+
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> geomB;
+
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> readInput(std::string name, std::string src, int limit);
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Geometry>> loadInput(std::string name, std::string src, int limit);
+    void execute();
+    void executeUnary(GeomFunction * fun);
+    void executeBinary(GeomFunction * fun);
+    Result* executeOp(GeomFunction * fun,
+        int indexA, const  std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomA,
+        int indexB, const  std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geomB);
+    void output(Result* result);
+    void outputExplode(std::unique_ptr<Geometry>& geom);
+    void outputGeometry( const Geometry* geom);
+    void log(std::string s);
+};
+
+#endif // GEOS_GEOSOP_H
diff --git a/util/geosop/Makefile.am b/util/geosop/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cff3e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#
+# This file is part of project GEOS (http://trac.osgeo.org/geos/)
+#
+prefix=@prefix@
+top_srcdir=@top_srcdir@
+top_builddir=@top_builddir@
+
+noinst_PROGRAMS = \
+	GeosOp
+
+GeosOp_SOURCES = \
+	GeosOp.cpp \
+	GeosOp.h \
+	cxxopts.hpp \
+	GeomFunction.cpp \
+	GeomFunction.h \
+	WKBStreamReader.cpp \
+	WKBStreamReader.h \
+	WKTStreamReader.cpp \
+	WKTStreamReader.h
+
+GeosOp_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/src/libgeos.la
+
+AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/include
+
+EXTRA_DIST = CMakeLists.txt
diff --git a/util/geosop/README.md b/util/geosop/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5e46e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# GeosOp User Guide
+
+`geosop` is a CLI (command-line interface) for GEOS.
+It can be used to:
+
+* Run GEOS operations on one or many geometries
+* Output geometry resuls in various formats (WKT and WKB)
+* Convert between WKT and WKB
+* Time the performance of operations
+* Check for memory leaks in operations
+
+## Features
+
+* Read list of geometries from a file (WKT or WKB)
+* Read geometries from stdin (WKT or WKB)
+* Read geometry from command-line literal (WKT or WKB)
+* Input format is WKT or WKB
+* Apply a limit and offset (TBD) to the input geometries
+* collect input geometries into a GeometryCollection (for aggregate operations)
+* Execute a GEOS operation on each geometry
+* TBD: Execute a GEOS operation on each geometry for a list of different arguments
+* Explode result collections into individual geometries
+* Output result as text, WKT or WKB
+* Time the overall and individual performance of each operation
+
+
+## Examples
+
+**Note: TBD = To Be Developed**
+
+* Print usage instructions
+
+    geosop
+
+* Print usage instructions and list of available operations
+
+    geosop --help
+
+* Compute the area of geometries in a WKT file and output them as text
+
+    geosop -a geoms.wkt --format=txt area
+
+* Compute the centroids of geometries in a WKT file and output them as WKT
+
+    geosop -a geoms.wkt -f wkt centroid
+
+* Compute an operation on a list of geometries and output only geometry metrics and timing
+
+    geosop -v -a geoms.wkt isValid
+
+* Validate geometries from a WKT file, limiting the number of geometries read
+
+    geosop -a geoms.wkt --alimit 100 -f txt isValid
+
+* Compute the buffer with distance 10 of WKB geometries and output as WKT
+
+    geosop -a geoms.wkb -f wkt buffer 10
+
+* Compute the unary union of a set of WKT geometries and output as WKB
+
+    geosop -a geoms.wkt --collect -f wkb unaryUnion
+
+* Compute the buffer of a WKB literal and output as WKT
+
+    geosop -a 000000000140240000000000004024000000000000 -f wkt buffer 10
+
+* Polygonize lines and output the individual result polygons as WKT
+
+    geosop -a "MULTILINESTRING ((200 100, 100 100, 200 200), (200 200, 200 100), (200 200, 300 100, 200 100))" -v -e -f wkt polygonize
+
+* Read geometries from a WKT file on stdin and output as WKB
+
+    geosop -a - -f wkb
+
+* Read geometries from a WKB file on stdin and output as WKT
+
+    geosop -a stdin.wkb -f wkt
+
+* Run a sequence of operations using a pipe
+
+    geosop -a "LINESTRING (10 10, 20 20)" -f wkt buffer 10 | geosop -a - -f wkt envelope
+
+* Compute the union of two geometries in WKT and WKB and output as WKT
+
+    geosop -a some-geom.wkt -b some-other-geom.wkb -f wkt union
+
+* TBD: Compute the buffer of a WKT literal for multiple distances
+
+    geosop -a "MULTIPOINT ( (0 0), (10 10) )" -f wkt buffer 1,2,3,4
+
+* TBD: Compute the buffer of a WKT literal and output as WKB, with SRID set to 4326
+
+    geosop -a "POINT (10 10)" --srid=4326 -f wkb buffer 10
+
+
+
+## Future Ideas
+
+* `--explode` outputs individual elements of result geometry collections
+* `--sort [ asc | desc ]` sorts output geometries by value of operation
+* `--where [eq | gt |ge | lt | le ]:val` filters result geometries by value of operation
+* `--limit N` applies limit to output (used with sorting)
+* `--repeat N` repeats operation N times, for more accurate timing
+* `--srid s` sets SRID to s, for WKB output
+* support more operation arguments (e.g. to provide translate X Y)
diff --git a/util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.cpp b/util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d55ee7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#include <geos/io/WKBReader.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <memory> // for unique_ptr
+//#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "WKBStreamReader.h"
+
+using namespace geos::geom;
+
+WKBStreamReader::WKBStreamReader(std::istream& instr)
+    : instr(instr)
+{
+}
+
+WKBStreamReader::~WKBStreamReader() {
+
+}
+
+/*public*/
+
+
+/*
+Return: nullptr if at EOF
+*/
+Geometry*
+WKBStreamReader::next()
+{
+    std::string line;
+    std::getline(instr, line);
+    if (! instr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::istringstream hex(line);
+    auto g = rdr.readHEX( hex );
+    return g.release();
+}
diff --git a/util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.h b/util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d27e146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef GEOSOP_WKBSTREAMREADER_H
+#define GEOSOP_WKBSTREAMREADER_H
+
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/io/WKBReader.h>
+
+// Forward declarations
+namespace geos {
+namespace geom {
+
+class Geometry;
+class PrecisionModel;
+}
+}
+
+class WKBStreamReader {
+
+public:
+    WKBStreamReader(std::istream& instr);
+    ~WKBStreamReader();
+
+    geos::geom::Geometry* next();
+
+private:
+
+    std::istream& instr;
+    geos::io::WKBReader rdr;
+};
+
+#endif // GEOSOP_WKBSTREAMREADER_H
diff --git a/util/geosop/WKTFileReader.cpp b/util/geosop/WKTFileReader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac63217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/WKTFileReader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#include <geos/io/WKTReader.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <memory> // for unique_ptr
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "WKTFileReader.h"
+
+using namespace geos::geom;
+
+WKTFileReader::WKTFileReader()
+{
+
+}
+
+WKTFileReader::~WKTFileReader() {
+
+}
+
+/*public*/
+std::vector<Geometry*>
+WKTFileReader::read(std::string fname)
+{
+    std::ifstream f( fname );
+    std::vector<Geometry*> geoms;
+    geos::io::WKTReader rdr;
+
+    while (true) {
+        auto g = readGeom( f, rdr );
+        if (g == nullptr) {
+            break;
+        }
+        geoms.push_back(g);
+    }
+    f.close();
+
+    return geoms;
+}
+
+/*
+Return: nullptr if at EOF
+*/
+Geometry*
+WKTFileReader::readGeom(std::ifstream& f, geos::io::WKTReader& rdr)
+{
+    std::string wkt = "";
+
+    int lParen = 0;
+    int rParen = 0;
+    do {
+        std::string line;
+        std::getline(f, line);
+        if (! f) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        lParen += std::count(line.begin(), line.end(), '(');
+        rParen += std::count(line.begin(), line.end(), ')');
+
+        wkt += line;
+    } while (lParen == 0 || lParen != rParen);
+
+    auto g = rdr.read( wkt.c_str() );
+    return g.release();
+}
diff --git a/util/geosop/WKTFileReader.h b/util/geosop/WKTFileReader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3f79e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/WKTFileReader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef GEOSOP_WKTFILEREADER_H
+#define GEOSOP_WKTFILEREADER_H
+
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/io/WKTReader.h>
+
+// Forward declarations
+namespace geos {
+namespace geom {
+
+class Geometry;
+class PrecisionModel;
+}
+}
+
+class WKTFileReader {
+
+public:
+    WKTFileReader();
+    ~WKTFileReader();
+
+    std::vector<geos::geom::Geometry*> read(std::string fname);
+
+private:
+    geos::geom::Geometry* readGeom(std::ifstream& f, geos::io::WKTReader& rdr);
+};
+
+#endif // GEOSOP_WKTFILEREADER_H
diff --git a/util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.cpp b/util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05123ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#include <geos/io/WKTReader.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <memory> // for unique_ptr
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "WKTStreamReader.h"
+
+using namespace geos::geom;
+
+WKTStreamReader::WKTStreamReader(std::istream& instr)
+    : instr(instr)
+{
+}
+
+WKTStreamReader::~WKTStreamReader() {
+
+}
+
+/*public*/
+
+
+/*
+Return: nullptr if at EOF
+*/
+Geometry*
+WKTStreamReader::next()
+{
+    std::string wkt = "";
+
+    int lParen = 0;
+    int rParen = 0;
+    do {
+        std::string line;
+        std::getline(instr, line);
+        if (! instr) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        lParen += std::count(line.begin(), line.end(), '(');
+        rParen += std::count(line.begin(), line.end(), ')');
+
+        wkt += line;
+    } while (lParen == 0 || lParen != rParen);
+
+    auto g = rdr.read( wkt.c_str() );
+    return g.release();
+}
diff --git a/util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.h b/util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d69afd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+ *
+ * GEOS - Geometry Engine Open Source
+ * http://geos.osgeo.org
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Davis
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public Licence as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation.
+ * See the COPYING file for more information.
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef GEOSOP_WKTSTREAMREADER_H
+#define GEOSOP_WKTSTREAMREADER_H
+
+#include <geos/geom/GeometryFactory.h>
+#include <geos/io/WKTReader.h>
+
+// Forward declarations
+namespace geos {
+namespace geom {
+
+class Geometry;
+class PrecisionModel;
+}
+}
+
+class WKTStreamReader {
+
+public:
+    WKTStreamReader(std::istream& instr);
+    ~WKTStreamReader();
+
+    geos::geom::Geometry* next();
+
+private:
+
+    std::istream& instr;
+    geos::io::WKTReader rdr;
+};
+
+#endif // GEOSOP_WKTSTREAMREADER_H
diff --git a/util/geosop/cxxopts.hpp b/util/geosop/cxxopts.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ec7998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/geosop/cxxopts.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2292 @@
+/*
+
+Copyright (c) 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Jarryd Beck
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef CXXOPTS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CXXOPTS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <exception>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <regex>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_optional
+#include <optional>
+#define CXXOPTS_HAS_OPTIONAL
+#endif
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201603L
+#define CXXOPTS_NODISCARD [[nodiscard]]
+#else
+#define CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CXXOPTS_VECTOR_DELIMITER
+#define CXXOPTS_VECTOR_DELIMITER ','
+#endif
+
+#define CXXOPTS__VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define CXXOPTS__VERSION_MINOR 0
+#define CXXOPTS__VERSION_PATCH 0
+
+namespace cxxopts
+{
+  static constexpr struct {
+    uint8_t major, minor, patch;
+  } version = {
+    CXXOPTS__VERSION_MAJOR,
+    CXXOPTS__VERSION_MINOR,
+    CXXOPTS__VERSION_PATCH
+  };
+} // namespace cxxopts
+
+//when we ask cxxopts to use Unicode, help strings are processed using ICU,
+//which results in the correct lengths being computed for strings when they
+//are formatted for the help output
+//it is necessary to make sure that <unicode/unistr.h> can be found by the
+//compiler, and that icu-uc is linked in to the binary.
+
+#ifdef CXXOPTS_USE_UNICODE
+#include <unicode/unistr.h>
+
+namespace cxxopts
+{
+  typedef icu::UnicodeString String;
+
+  inline
+  String
+  toLocalString(std::string s)
+  {
+    return icu::UnicodeString::fromUTF8(std::move(s));
+  }
+
+  class UnicodeStringIterator : public
+    std::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, int32_t>
+  {
+    public:
+
+    UnicodeStringIterator(const icu::UnicodeString* string, int32_t pos)
+    : s(string)
+    , i(pos)
+    {
+    }
+
+    value_type
+    operator*() const
+    {
+      return s->char32At(i);
+    }
+
+    bool
+    operator==(const UnicodeStringIterator& rhs) const
+    {
+      return s == rhs.s && i == rhs.i;
+    }
+
+    bool
+    operator!=(const UnicodeStringIterator& rhs) const
+    {
+      return !(*this == rhs);
+    }
+
+    UnicodeStringIterator&
+    operator++()
+    {
+      ++i;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    UnicodeStringIterator
+    operator+(int32_t v)
+    {
+      return UnicodeStringIterator(s, i + v);
+    }
+
+    private:
+    const icu::UnicodeString* s;
+    int32_t i;
+  };
+
+  inline
+  String&
+  stringAppend(String&s, String a)
+  {
+    return s.append(std::move(a));
+  }
+
+  inline
+  String&
+  stringAppend(String& s, size_t n, UChar32 c)
+  {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i)
+    {
+      s.append(c);
+    }
+
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Iterator>
+  String&
+  stringAppend(String& s, Iterator begin, Iterator end)
+  {
+    while (begin != end)
+    {
+      s.append(*begin);
+      ++begin;
+    }
+
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  inline
+  size_t
+  stringLength(const String& s)
+  {
+    return s.length();
+  }
+
+  inline
+  std::string
+  toUTF8String(const String& s)
+  {
+    std::string result;
+    s.toUTF8String(result);
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  inline
+  bool
+  empty(const String& s)
+  {
+    return s.isEmpty();
+  }
+}
+
+namespace std
+{
+  inline
+  cxxopts::UnicodeStringIterator
+  begin(const icu::UnicodeString& s)
+  {
+    return cxxopts::UnicodeStringIterator(&s, 0);
+  }
+
+  inline
+  cxxopts::UnicodeStringIterator
+  end(const icu::UnicodeString& s)
+  {
+    return cxxopts::UnicodeStringIterator(&s, s.length());
+  }
+}
+
+//ifdef CXXOPTS_USE_UNICODE
+#else
+
+namespace cxxopts
+{
+  typedef std::string String;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  T
+  toLocalString(T&& t)
+  {
+    return std::forward<T>(t);
+  }
+
+  inline
+  size_t
+  stringLength(const String& s)
+  {
+    return s.length();
+  }
+
+  inline
+  String&
+  stringAppend(String&s, const String& a)
+  {
+    return s.append(a);
+  }
+
+  inline
+  String&
+  stringAppend(String& s, size_t n, char c)
+  {
+    return s.append(n, c);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Iterator>
+  String&
+  stringAppend(String& s, Iterator begin, Iterator end)
+  {
+    return s.append(begin, end);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  std::string
+  toUTF8String(T&& t)
+  {
+    return std::forward<T>(t);
+  }
+
+  inline
+  bool
+  empty(const std::string& s)
+  {
+    return s.empty();
+  }
+} // namespace cxxopts
+
+//ifdef CXXOPTS_USE_UNICODE
+#endif
+
+namespace cxxopts
+{
+  namespace
+  {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    const std::string LQUOTE("\'");
+    const std::string RQUOTE("\'");
+#else
+    const std::string LQUOTE("‘");
+    const std::string RQUOTE("’");
+#endif
+  } // namespace
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+// GNU GCC with -Weffc++ will issue a warning regarding the upcoming class, we want to silence it:
+// warning: base class 'class std::enable_shared_from_this<cxxopts::Value>' has accessible non-virtual destructor
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+// This will be ignored under other compilers like LLVM clang.
+#endif
+  class Value : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Value>
+  {
+    public:
+
+    virtual ~Value() = default;
+
+    virtual
+    std::shared_ptr<Value>
+    clone() const = 0;
+
+    virtual void
+    parse(const std::string& text) const = 0;
+
+    virtual void
+    parse() const = 0;
+
+    virtual bool
+    has_default() const = 0;
+
+    virtual bool
+    is_container() const = 0;
+
+    virtual bool
+    has_implicit() const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::string
+    get_default_value() const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::string
+    get_implicit_value() const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<Value>
+    default_value(const std::string& value) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<Value>
+    implicit_value(const std::string& value) = 0;
+
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<Value>
+    no_implicit_value() = 0;
+
+    virtual bool
+    is_boolean() const = 0;
+  };
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+  class OptionException : public std::exception
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit OptionException(std::string  message)
+    : m_message(std::move(message))
+    {
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    const char*
+    what() const noexcept override
+    {
+      return m_message.c_str();
+    }
+
+    private:
+    std::string m_message;
+  };
+
+  class OptionSpecException : public OptionException
+  {
+    public:
+
+    explicit OptionSpecException(const std::string& message)
+    : OptionException(message)
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class OptionParseException : public OptionException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit OptionParseException(const std::string& message)
+    : OptionException(message)
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_exists_error : public OptionSpecException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit option_exists_error(const std::string& option)
+    : OptionSpecException("Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE + " already exists")
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class invalid_option_format_error : public OptionSpecException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit invalid_option_format_error(const std::string& format)
+    : OptionSpecException("Invalid option format " + LQUOTE + format + RQUOTE)
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_syntax_exception : public OptionParseException {
+    public:
+    explicit option_syntax_exception(const std::string& text)
+    : OptionParseException("Argument " + LQUOTE + text + RQUOTE +
+        " starts with a - but has incorrect syntax")
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_not_exists_exception : public OptionParseException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit option_not_exists_exception(const std::string& option)
+    : OptionParseException("Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE + " does not exist")
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class missing_argument_exception : public OptionParseException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit missing_argument_exception(const std::string& option)
+    : OptionParseException(
+        "Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE + " is missing an argument"
+      )
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_requires_argument_exception : public OptionParseException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit option_requires_argument_exception(const std::string& option)
+    : OptionParseException(
+        "Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE + " requires an argument"
+      )
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_not_has_argument_exception : public OptionParseException
+  {
+    public:
+    option_not_has_argument_exception
+    (
+      const std::string& option,
+      const std::string& arg
+    )
+    : OptionParseException(
+        "Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE +
+        " does not take an argument, but argument " +
+        LQUOTE + arg + RQUOTE + " given"
+      )
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_not_present_exception : public OptionParseException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit option_not_present_exception(const std::string& option)
+    : OptionParseException("Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE + " not present")
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_has_no_value_exception : public OptionException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit option_has_no_value_exception(const std::string& option)
+    : OptionException(
+        option.empty() ?
+        ("Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE + " has no value") :
+        "Option has no value")
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class argument_incorrect_type : public OptionParseException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit argument_incorrect_type
+    (
+      const std::string& arg
+    )
+    : OptionParseException(
+        "Argument " + LQUOTE + arg + RQUOTE + " failed to parse"
+      )
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  class option_required_exception : public OptionParseException
+  {
+    public:
+    explicit option_required_exception(const std::string& option)
+    : OptionParseException(
+        "Option " + LQUOTE + option + RQUOTE + " is required but not present"
+      )
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  void throw_or_mimic(const std::string& text)
+  {
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
+                  "throw_or_mimic only works on std::exception and "
+                  "deriving classes");
+
+#ifndef CXXOPTS_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    // If CXXOPTS_NO_EXCEPTIONS is not defined, just throw
+    throw T{text};
+#else
+    // Otherwise manually instantiate the exception, print what() to stderr,
+    // and exit
+    T exception{text};
+    std::cerr << exception.what() << std::endl;
+    std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  namespace values
+  {
+    namespace
+    {
+      std::basic_regex<char> integer_pattern
+        ("(-)?(0x)?([0-9a-zA-Z]+)|((0x)?0)");
+      std::basic_regex<char> truthy_pattern
+        ("(t|T)(rue)?|1");
+      std::basic_regex<char> falsy_pattern
+        ("(f|F)(alse)?|0");
+    } // namespace
+
+    namespace detail
+    {
+      template <typename T, bool B>
+      struct SignedCheck;
+
+      template <typename T>
+      struct SignedCheck<T, true>
+      {
+        template <typename U>
+        void
+        operator()(bool negative, U u, const std::string& text)
+        {
+          if (negative)
+          {
+            if (u > static_cast<U>((std::numeric_limits<T>::min)()))
+            {
+              throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+            }
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            if (u > static_cast<U>((std::numeric_limits<T>::max)()))
+            {
+              throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+      template <typename T>
+      struct SignedCheck<T, false>
+      {
+        template <typename U>
+        void
+        operator()(bool, U, const std::string&) {}
+      };
+
+      template <typename T, typename U>
+      void
+      check_signed_range(bool negative, U value, const std::string& text)
+      {
+        SignedCheck<T, std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed>()(negative, value, text);
+      }
+    } // namespace detail
+
+    template <typename R, typename T>
+    void
+    checked_negate(R& r, T&& t, const std::string&, std::true_type)
+    {
+      // if we got to here, then `t` is a positive number that fits into
+      // `R`. So to avoid MSVC C4146, we first cast it to `R`.
+      // See https://github.com/jarro2783/cxxopts/issues/62 for more details.
+      r = static_cast<R>(-static_cast<R>(t-1)-1);
+    }
+
+    template <typename R, typename T>
+    void
+    checked_negate(R&, T&&, const std::string& text, std::false_type)
+    {
+      throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void
+    integer_parser(const std::string& text, T& value)
+    {
+      std::smatch match;
+      std::regex_match(text, match, integer_pattern);
+
+      if (match.length() == 0)
+      {
+        throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+      }
+
+      if (match.length(4) > 0)
+      {
+        value = 0;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      using US = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
+
+      constexpr bool is_signed = std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed;
+      const bool negative = match.length(1) > 0;
+      const uint8_t base = match.length(2) > 0 ? 16 : 10;
+
+      auto value_match = match[3];
+
+      US result = 0;
+
+      for (auto iter = value_match.first; iter != value_match.second; ++iter)
+      {
+        US digit = 0;
+
+        if (*iter >= '0' && *iter <= '9')
+        {
+          digit = static_cast<US>(*iter - '0');
+        }
+        else if (base == 16 && *iter >= 'a' && *iter <= 'f')
+        {
+          digit = static_cast<US>(*iter - 'a' + 10);
+        }
+        else if (base == 16 && *iter >= 'A' && *iter <= 'F')
+        {
+          digit = static_cast<US>(*iter - 'A' + 10);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+        }
+
+        const US next = static_cast<US>(result * base + digit);
+        if (result > next)
+        {
+          throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+        }
+
+        result = next;
+      }
+
+      detail::check_signed_range<T>(negative, result, text);
+
+      if (negative)
+      {
+        checked_negate<T>(value, result, text, std::integral_constant<bool, is_signed>());
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        value = static_cast<T>(result);
+      }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void stringstream_parser(const std::string& text, T& value)
+    {
+      std::stringstream in(text);
+      in >> value;
+      if (!in) {
+        throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+      }
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, uint8_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, int8_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, uint16_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, int16_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, uint32_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, int32_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, uint64_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, int64_t& value)
+    {
+      integer_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, bool& value)
+    {
+      std::smatch result;
+      std::regex_match(text, result, truthy_pattern);
+
+      if (!result.empty())
+      {
+        value = true;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      std::regex_match(text, result, falsy_pattern);
+      if (!result.empty())
+      {
+        value = false;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, std::string& value)
+    {
+      value = text;
+    }
+
+    // The fallback parser. It uses the stringstream parser to parse all types
+    // that have not been overloaded explicitly.  It has to be placed in the
+    // source code before all other more specialized templates.
+    template <typename T>
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, T& value) {
+      stringstream_parser(text, value);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, std::vector<T>& value)
+    {
+      std::stringstream in(text);
+      std::string token;
+      while(!in.eof() && std::getline(in, token, CXXOPTS_VECTOR_DELIMITER)) {
+        T v;
+        parse_value(token, v);
+        value.emplace_back(std::move(v));
+      }
+    }
+
+#ifdef CXXOPTS_HAS_OPTIONAL
+    template <typename T>
+    void
+    parse_value(const std::string& text, std::optional<T>& value)
+    {
+      T result;
+      parse_value(text, result);
+      value = std::move(result);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    inline
+    void parse_value(const std::string& text, char& c)
+    {
+      if (text.length() != 1)
+      {
+        throw_or_mimic<argument_incorrect_type>(text);
+      }
+
+      c = text[0];
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct type_is_container
+    {
+      static constexpr bool value = false;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct type_is_container<std::vector<T>>
+    {
+      static constexpr bool value = true;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class abstract_value : public Value
+    {
+      using Self = abstract_value<T>;
+
+      public:
+      abstract_value()
+      : m_result(std::make_shared<T>())
+      , m_store(m_result.get())
+      {
+      }
+
+      explicit abstract_value(T* t)
+      : m_store(t)
+      {
+      }
+
+      ~abstract_value() override = default;
+
+      abstract_value& operator=(const abstract_value&) = default;
+
+      abstract_value(const abstract_value& rhs)
+      {
+        if (rhs.m_result)
+        {
+          m_result = std::make_shared<T>();
+          m_store = m_result.get();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          m_store = rhs.m_store;
+        }
+
+        m_default = rhs.m_default;
+        m_implicit = rhs.m_implicit;
+        m_default_value = rhs.m_default_value;
+        m_implicit_value = rhs.m_implicit_value;
+      }
+
+      void
+      parse(const std::string& text) const override
+      {
+        parse_value(text, *m_store);
+      }
+
+      bool
+      is_container() const override
+      {
+        return type_is_container<T>::value;
+      }
+
+      void
+      parse() const override
+      {
+        parse_value(m_default_value, *m_store);
+      }
+
+      bool
+      has_default() const override
+      {
+        return m_default;
+      }
+
+      bool
+      has_implicit() const override
+      {
+        return m_implicit;
+      }
+
+      std::shared_ptr<Value>
+      default_value(const std::string& value) override
+      {
+        m_default = true;
+        m_default_value = value;
+        return shared_from_this();
+      }
+
+      std::shared_ptr<Value>
+      implicit_value(const std::string& value) override
+      {
+        m_implicit = true;
+        m_implicit_value = value;
+        return shared_from_this();
+      }
+
+      std::shared_ptr<Value>
+      no_implicit_value() override
+      {
+        m_implicit = false;
+        return shared_from_this();
+      }
+
+      std::string
+      get_default_value() const override
+      {
+        return m_default_value;
+      }
+
+      std::string
+      get_implicit_value() const override
+      {
+        return m_implicit_value;
+      }
+
+      bool
+      is_boolean() const override
+      {
+        return std::is_same<T, bool>::value;
+      }
+
+      const T&
+      get() const
+      {
+        if (m_store == nullptr)
+        {
+          return *m_result;
+        }
+        return *m_store;
+      }
+
+      protected:
+      std::shared_ptr<T> m_result{};
+      T* m_store{};
+
+      bool m_default = false;
+      bool m_implicit = false;
+
+      std::string m_default_value{};
+      std::string m_implicit_value{};
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class standard_value : public abstract_value<T>
+    {
+      public:
+      using abstract_value<T>::abstract_value;
+
+      CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+      std::shared_ptr<Value>
+      clone() const override
+      {
+        return std::make_shared<standard_value<T>>(*this);
+      }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    class standard_value<bool> : public abstract_value<bool>
+    {
+      public:
+      ~standard_value() override = default;
+
+      standard_value()
+      {
+        set_default_and_implicit();
+      }
+
+      explicit standard_value(bool* b)
+      : abstract_value(b)
+      {
+        set_default_and_implicit();
+      }
+
+      std::shared_ptr<Value>
+      clone() const override
+      {
+        return std::make_shared<standard_value<bool>>(*this);
+      }
+
+      private:
+
+      void
+      set_default_and_implicit()
+      {
+        m_default = true;
+        m_default_value = "false";
+        m_implicit = true;
+        m_implicit_value = "true";
+      }
+    };
+  } // namespace values
+
+  template <typename T>
+  std::shared_ptr<Value>
+  value()
+  {
+    return std::make_shared<values::standard_value<T>>();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  std::shared_ptr<Value>
+  value(T& t)
+  {
+    return std::make_shared<values::standard_value<T>>(&t);
+  }
+
+  class OptionAdder;
+
+  class OptionDetails
+  {
+    public:
+    OptionDetails
+    (
+      std::string short_,
+      std::string long_,
+      String desc,
+      std::shared_ptr<const Value> val
+    )
+    : m_short(std::move(short_))
+    , m_long(std::move(long_))
+    , m_desc(std::move(desc))
+    , m_value(std::move(val))
+    , m_count(0)
+    {
+      m_hash = std::hash<std::string>{}(m_long + m_short);
+    }
+
+    OptionDetails(const OptionDetails& rhs)
+    : m_desc(rhs.m_desc)
+    , m_count(rhs.m_count)
+    {
+      m_value = rhs.m_value->clone();
+    }
+
+    OptionDetails(OptionDetails&& rhs) = default;
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    const String&
+    description() const
+    {
+      return m_desc;
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    const Value&
+    value() const {
+        return *m_value;
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    std::shared_ptr<Value>
+    make_storage() const
+    {
+      return m_value->clone();
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    const std::string&
+    short_name() const
+    {
+      return m_short;
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    const std::string&
+    long_name() const
+    {
+      return m_long;
+    }
+
+    size_t
+    hash() const
+    {
+      return m_hash;
+    }
+
+    private:
+    std::string m_short{};
+    std::string m_long{};
+    String m_desc{};
+    std::shared_ptr<const Value> m_value{};
+    int m_count;
+
+    size_t m_hash{};
+  };
+
+  struct HelpOptionDetails
+  {
+    std::string s;
+    std::string l;
+    String desc;
+    bool has_default;
+    std::string default_value;
+    bool has_implicit;
+    std::string implicit_value;
+    std::string arg_help;
+    bool is_container;
+    bool is_boolean;
+  };
+
+  struct HelpGroupDetails
+  {
+    std::string name{};
+    std::string description{};
+    std::vector<HelpOptionDetails> options{};
+  };
+
+  class OptionValue
+  {
+    public:
+    void
+    parse
+    (
+      const std::shared_ptr<const OptionDetails>& details,
+      const std::string& text
+    )
+    {
+      ensure_value(details);
+      ++m_count;
+      m_value->parse(text);
+      m_long_name = &details->long_name();
+    }
+
+    void
+    parse_default(const std::shared_ptr<const OptionDetails>& details)
+    {
+      ensure_value(details);
+      m_default = true;
+      m_long_name = &details->long_name();
+      m_value->parse();
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    size_t
+    count() const noexcept
+    {
+      return m_count;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: maybe default options should count towards the number of arguments
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    bool
+    has_default() const noexcept
+    {
+      return m_default;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const T&
+    as() const
+    {
+      if (m_value == nullptr) {
+          throw_or_mimic<option_has_no_value_exception>(
+              m_long_name == nullptr ? "" : *m_long_name);
+      }
+
+#ifdef CXXOPTS_NO_RTTI
+      return static_cast<const values::standard_value<T>&>(*m_value).get();
+#else
+      return dynamic_cast<const values::standard_value<T>&>(*m_value).get();
+#endif
+    }
+
+    private:
+    void
+    ensure_value(const std::shared_ptr<const OptionDetails>& details)
+    {
+      if (m_value == nullptr)
+      {
+        m_value = details->make_storage();
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    const std::string* m_long_name = nullptr;
+    // Holding this pointer is safe, since OptionValue's only exist in key-value pairs,
+    // where the key has the string we point to.
+    std::shared_ptr<Value> m_value{};
+    size_t m_count = 0;
+    bool m_default = false;
+  };
+
+  class KeyValue
+  {
+    public:
+    KeyValue(std::string key_, std::string value_)
+    : m_key(std::move(key_))
+    , m_value(std::move(value_))
+    {
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    const std::string&
+    key() const
+    {
+      return m_key;
+    }
+
+    CXXOPTS_NODISCARD
+    const std::string&
+    value() const
+    {
+      return m_value;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T
+    as() const
+    {
+      T result;
+      values::parse_value(m_value, result);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    private:
+    std::string m_key;
+    std::string m_value;
+  };
+
+  using ParsedHashMap = std::unordered_map<size_t, OptionValue>;
+  using NameHashMap = std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t>;
+
+  class ParseResult
+  {
+    public:
+
+    ParseResult() {}
+     
+    ParseResult(const ParseResult&) = default;
+
+    ParseResult(NameHashMap&& keys, ParsedHashMap&& values, std::vector<KeyValue> sequential, std::vector<std::string>&& unmatched_args)
+    : m_keys(std::move(keys))
+    , m_values(std::move(values))
+    , m_sequential(std::move(sequential))
+    , m_unmatched(std::move(unmatched_args))
+    {
+    }
+
+    ParseResult& operator=(ParseResult&&) = default;
+    ParseResult& operator=(const ParseResult&) = default;
+
+    size_t
+    count(const std::string& o) const
+    {
+      auto iter = m_keys.find(o);
+      if (iter == m_keys.end())
+      {
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      auto viter = m_values.find(iter->second);
+
+      if (viter == m_values.end())
+      {
+        return 0;
+      }
+
+      return viter->second.count();
+    }
+
+    const OptionValue&
+    operator[](const std::string& option) const
+    {
+      auto iter = m_keys.find(option);
+
+      if (iter == m_keys.end())
+      {
+        throw_or_mimic<option_not_present_exception>(option);
+      }
+
+      auto viter = m_values.find(iter->second);
+
+      if (viter == m_values.end())
+      {
+        throw_or_mimic<option_not_present_exception>(option);
+      }
+
+      return viter->second;
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<KeyValue>&
+    arguments() const
+    {
+      return m_sequential;
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string>&
+    unmatched() const
+    {
+      return m_unmatched;
+    }
+
+    private:
+    NameHashMap m_keys{};
+    ParsedHashMap m_values{};
+    std::vector<KeyValue> m_sequential{};
+    std::vector<std::string> m_unmatched{};
+  };
+
+  struct Option
+  {
+    Option
+    (
+      std::string opts,
+      std::string desc,
+      std::shared_ptr<const Value>  value = ::cxxopts::value<bool>(),
+      std::string arg_help = ""
+    )
+    : opts_(std::move(opts))
+    , desc_(std::move(desc))
+    , value_(std::move(value))
+    , arg_help_(std::move(arg_help))
+    {
+    }
+
+    std::string opts_;
+    std::string desc_;
+    std::shared_ptr<const Value> value_;
+    std::string arg_help_;
+  };
+
+  using OptionMap = std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>>;
+  using PositionalList = std::vector<std::string>;
+  using PositionalListIterator = PositionalList::const_iterator;
+
+  class OptionParser
+  {
+    public:
+    OptionParser(const OptionMap& options, const PositionalList& positional, bool allow_unrecognised)
+    : m_options(options)
+    , m_positional(positional)
+    , m_allow_unrecognised(allow_unrecognised)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ParseResult
+    parse(int argc, const char* const* argv);
+
+    bool
+    consume_positional(const std::string& a, PositionalListIterator& next);
+
+    void
+    checked_parse_arg
+    (
+      int argc,
+      const char* const* argv,
+      int& current,
+      const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& value,
+      const std::string& name
+    );
+
+    void
+    add_to_option(OptionMap::const_iterator iter, const std::string& option, const std::string& arg);
+
+    void
+    parse_option
+    (
+      const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& value,
+      const std::string& name,
+      const std::string& arg = ""
+    );
+
+    void
+    parse_default(const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& details);
+
+    private:
+
+    void finalise_aliases();
+
+    const OptionMap& m_options;
+    const PositionalList& m_positional;
+
+    std::vector<KeyValue> m_sequential{};
+    bool m_allow_unrecognised;
+
+    ParsedHashMap m_parsed{};
+    NameHashMap m_keys{};
+  };
+
+  class Options
+  {
+    public:
+
+    explicit Options(std::string program, std::string help_string = "")
+    : m_program(std::move(program))
+    , m_help_string(toLocalString(std::move(help_string)))
+    , m_custom_help("[OPTION...]")
+    , m_positional_help("positional parameters")
+    , m_show_positional(false)
+    , m_allow_unrecognised(false)
+    , m_options(std::make_shared<OptionMap>())
+    {
+    }
+
+    Options&
+    positional_help(std::string help_text)
+    {
+      m_positional_help = std::move(help_text);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    Options&
+    custom_help(std::string help_text)
+    {
+      m_custom_help = std::move(help_text);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    Options&
+    show_positional_help()
+    {
+      m_show_positional = true;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    Options&
+    allow_unrecognised_options()
+    {
+      m_allow_unrecognised = true;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    ParseResult
+    parse(int argc, const char* const* argv);
+
+    OptionAdder
+    add_options(std::string group = "");
+
+    void
+    add_options
+    (
+      const std::string& group,
+      std::initializer_list<Option> options
+    );
+
+    void
+    add_option
+    (
+      const std::string& group,
+      const Option& option
+    );
+
+    void
+    add_option
+    (
+      const std::string& group,
+      const std::string& s,
+      const std::string& l,
+      std::string desc,
+      const std::shared_ptr<const Value>& value,
+      std::string arg_help
+    );
+
+    //parse positional arguments into the given option
+    void
+    parse_positional(std::string option);
+
+    void
+    parse_positional(std::vector<std::string> options);
+
+    void
+    parse_positional(std::initializer_list<std::string> options);
+
+    template <typename Iterator>
+    void
+    parse_positional(Iterator begin, Iterator end) {
+      parse_positional(std::vector<std::string>{begin, end});
+    }
+
+    std::string
+    help(const std::vector<std::string>& groups = {}) const;
+
+    std::vector<std::string>
+    groups() const;
+
+    const HelpGroupDetails&
+    group_help(const std::string& group) const;
+
+    private:
+
+    void
+    add_one_option
+    (
+      const std::string& option,
+      const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& details
+    );
+
+    String
+    help_one_group(const std::string& group) const;
+
+    void
+    generate_group_help
+    (
+      String& result,
+      const std::vector<std::string>& groups
+    ) const;
+
+    void
+    generate_all_groups_help(String& result) const;
+
+    std::string m_program{};
+    String m_help_string{};
+    std::string m_custom_help{};
+    std::string m_positional_help{};
+    bool m_show_positional;
+    bool m_allow_unrecognised;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<OptionMap> m_options;
+    std::vector<std::string> m_positional{};
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> m_positional_set{};
+
+    //mapping from groups to help options
+    std::map<std::string, HelpGroupDetails> m_help{};
+
+    std::list<OptionDetails> m_option_list{};
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, decltype(m_option_list)::iterator> m_option_map{};
+  };
+
+  class OptionAdder
+  {
+    public:
+
+    OptionAdder(Options& options, std::string group)
+    : m_options(options), m_group(std::move(group))
+    {
+    }
+
+    OptionAdder&
+    operator()
+    (
+      const std::string& opts,
+      const std::string& desc,
+      const std::shared_ptr<const Value>& value
+        = ::cxxopts::value<bool>(),
+      std::string arg_help = ""
+    );
+
+    private:
+    Options& m_options;
+    std::string m_group;
+  };
+
+  namespace
+  {
+    constexpr int OPTION_LONGEST = 30;
+    constexpr int OPTION_DESC_GAP = 2;
+
+    std::basic_regex<char> option_matcher
+      ("--([[:alnum:]][-_[:alnum:]]+)(=(.*))?|-([[:alnum:]]+)");
+
+    std::basic_regex<char> option_specifier
+      ("(([[:alnum:]]),)?[ ]*([[:alnum:]][-_[:alnum:]]*)?");
+
+    String
+    format_option
+    (
+      const HelpOptionDetails& o
+    )
+    {
+      const auto& s = o.s;
+      const auto& l = o.l;
+
+      String result = "  ";
+
+      if (!s.empty())
+      {
+        result += "-" + toLocalString(s);
+        if (!l.empty())
+        {
+          result += ",";
+        }
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        result += "   ";
+      }
+
+      if (!l.empty())
+      {
+        result += " --" + toLocalString(l);
+      }
+
+      auto arg = !o.arg_help.empty() ? toLocalString(o.arg_help) : "arg";
+
+      if (!o.is_boolean)
+      {
+        if (o.has_implicit)
+        {
+          result += " [=" + arg + "(=" + toLocalString(o.implicit_value) + ")]";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          result += " " + arg;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    String
+    format_description
+    (
+      const HelpOptionDetails& o,
+      size_t start,
+      size_t width
+    )
+    {
+      auto desc = o.desc;
+
+      if (o.has_default && (!o.is_boolean || o.default_value != "false"))
+      {
+        if(!o.default_value.empty())
+        {
+          desc += toLocalString(" (default: " + o.default_value + ")");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          desc += toLocalString(" (default: \"\")");
+        }
+      }
+
+      String result;
+
+      auto current = std::begin(desc);
+      auto startLine = current;
+      auto lastSpace = current;
+
+      auto size = size_t{};
+
+      while (current != std::end(desc))
+      {
+        if (*current == ' ')
+        {
+          lastSpace = current;
+        }
+
+        if (*current == '\n')
+        {
+          startLine = current + 1;
+          lastSpace = startLine;
+        }
+        else if (size > width)
+        {
+          if (lastSpace == startLine)
+          {
+            stringAppend(result, startLine, current + 1);
+            stringAppend(result, "\n");
+            stringAppend(result, start, ' ');
+            startLine = current + 1;
+            lastSpace = startLine;
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            stringAppend(result, startLine, lastSpace);
+            stringAppend(result, "\n");
+            stringAppend(result, start, ' ');
+            startLine = lastSpace + 1;
+            lastSpace = startLine;
+          }
+          size = 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          ++size;
+        }
+
+        ++current;
+      }
+
+      //append whatever is left
+      stringAppend(result, startLine, current);
+
+      return result;
+    }
+  } // namespace
+
+inline
+void
+Options::add_options
+(
+  const std::string &group,
+  std::initializer_list<Option> options
+)
+{
+ OptionAdder option_adder(*this, group);
+ for (const auto &option: options)
+ {
+   option_adder(option.opts_, option.desc_, option.value_, option.arg_help_);
+ }
+}
+
+inline
+OptionAdder
+Options::add_options(std::string group)
+{
+  return OptionAdder(*this, std::move(group));
+}
+
+inline
+OptionAdder&
+OptionAdder::operator()
+(
+  const std::string& opts,
+  const std::string& desc,
+  const std::shared_ptr<const Value>& value,
+  std::string arg_help
+)
+{
+  std::match_results<const char*> result;
+  std::regex_match(opts.c_str(), result, option_specifier);
+
+  if (result.empty())
+  {
+    throw_or_mimic<invalid_option_format_error>(opts);
+  }
+
+  const auto& short_match = result[2];
+  const auto& long_match = result[3];
+
+  if (!short_match.length() && !long_match.length())
+  {
+    throw_or_mimic<invalid_option_format_error>(opts);
+  } else if (long_match.length() == 1 && short_match.length())
+  {
+    throw_or_mimic<invalid_option_format_error>(opts);
+  }
+
+  auto option_names = []
+  (
+    const std::sub_match<const char*>& short_,
+    const std::sub_match<const char*>& long_
+  )
+  {
+    if (long_.length() == 1)
+    {
+      return std::make_tuple(long_.str(), short_.str());
+    }
+    return std::make_tuple(short_.str(), long_.str());
+  }(short_match, long_match);
+
+  m_options.add_option
+  (
+    m_group,
+    std::get<0>(option_names),
+    std::get<1>(option_names),
+    desc,
+    value,
+    std::move(arg_help)
+  );
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline
+void
+OptionParser::parse_default(const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& details)
+{
+  // TODO: remove the duplicate code here
+  auto& store = m_parsed[details->hash()];
+  store.parse_default(details);
+}
+
+inline
+void
+OptionParser::parse_option
+(
+  const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& value,
+  const std::string& /*name*/,
+  const std::string& arg
+)
+{
+  auto hash = value->hash();
+  auto& result = m_parsed[hash];
+  result.parse(value, arg);
+
+  m_sequential.emplace_back(value->long_name(), arg);
+}
+
+inline
+void
+OptionParser::checked_parse_arg
+(
+  int argc,
+  const char* const* argv,
+  int& current,
+  const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& value,
+  const std::string& name
+)
+{
+  if (current + 1 >= argc)
+  {
+    if (value->value().has_implicit())
+    {
+      parse_option(value, name, value->value().get_implicit_value());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      throw_or_mimic<missing_argument_exception>(name);
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    if (value->value().has_implicit())
+    {
+      parse_option(value, name, value->value().get_implicit_value());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      parse_option(value, name, argv[current + 1]);
+      ++current;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline
+void
+OptionParser::add_to_option(OptionMap::const_iterator iter, const std::string& option, const std::string& arg)
+{
+  parse_option(iter->second, option, arg);
+}
+
+inline
+bool
+OptionParser::consume_positional(const std::string& a, PositionalListIterator& next)
+{
+  while (next != m_positional.end())
+  {
+    auto iter = m_options.find(*next);
+    if (iter != m_options.end())
+    {
+      auto& result = m_parsed[iter->second->hash()];
+      if (!iter->second->value().is_container())
+      {
+        if (result.count() == 0)
+        {
+          add_to_option(iter, *next, a);
+          ++next;
+          return true;
+        }
+        ++next;
+        continue;
+      }
+      add_to_option(iter, *next, a);
+      return true;
+    }
+    throw_or_mimic<option_not_exists_exception>(*next);
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::parse_positional(std::string option)
+{
+  parse_positional(std::vector<std::string>{std::move(option)});
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::parse_positional(std::vector<std::string> options)
+{
+  m_positional = std::move(options);
+
+  m_positional_set.insert(m_positional.begin(), m_positional.end());
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::parse_positional(std::initializer_list<std::string> options)
+{
+  parse_positional(std::vector<std::string>(options));
+}
+
+inline
+ParseResult
+Options::parse(int argc, const char* const* argv)
+{
+  OptionParser parser(*m_options, m_positional, m_allow_unrecognised);
+
+  return parser.parse(argc, argv);
+}
+
+inline ParseResult
+OptionParser::parse(int argc, const char* const* argv)
+{
+  int current = 1;
+  bool consume_remaining = false;
+  PositionalListIterator next_positional = m_positional.begin();
+
+  std::vector<std::string> unmatched;
+
+  while (current != argc)
+  {
+    if (strcmp(argv[current], "--") == 0)
+    {
+      consume_remaining = true;
+      ++current;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    std::match_results<const char*> result;
+    std::regex_match(argv[current], result, option_matcher);
+
+    if (result.empty())
+    {
+      //not a flag
+
+      // but if it starts with a `-`, then it's an error
+      if (argv[current][0] == '-' && argv[current][1] != '\0') {
+        if (!m_allow_unrecognised) {
+          throw_or_mimic<option_syntax_exception>(argv[current]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      //if true is returned here then it was consumed, otherwise it is
+      //ignored
+      if (consume_positional(argv[current], next_positional))
+      {
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        unmatched.push_back(argv[current]);
+      }
+      //if we return from here then it was parsed successfully, so continue
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      //short or long option?
+      if (result[4].length() != 0)
+      {
+        const std::string& s = result[4];
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i != s.size(); ++i)
+        {
+          std::string name(1, s[i]);
+          auto iter = m_options.find(name);
+
+          if (iter == m_options.end())
+          {
+            if (m_allow_unrecognised)
+            {
+              continue;
+            }
+            //error
+            throw_or_mimic<option_not_exists_exception>(name);
+          }
+
+          auto value = iter->second;
+
+          if (i + 1 == s.size())
+          {
+            //it must be the last argument
+            checked_parse_arg(argc, argv, current, value, name);
+          }
+          else if (value->value().has_implicit())
+          {
+            parse_option(value, name, value->value().get_implicit_value());
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            //error
+            throw_or_mimic<option_requires_argument_exception>(name);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      else if (result[1].length() != 0)
+      {
+        const std::string& name = result[1];
+
+        auto iter = m_options.find(name);
+
+        if (iter == m_options.end())
+        {
+          if (m_allow_unrecognised)
+          {
+            // keep unrecognised options in argument list, skip to next argument
+            unmatched.push_back(argv[current]);
+            ++current;
+            continue;
+          }
+          //error
+          throw_or_mimic<option_not_exists_exception>(name);
+        }
+
+        auto opt = iter->second;
+
+        //equals provided for long option?
+        if (result[2].length() != 0)
+        {
+          //parse the option given
+
+          parse_option(opt, name, result[3]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          //parse the next argument
+          checked_parse_arg(argc, argv, current, opt, name);
+        }
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    ++current;
+  }
+
+  for (auto& opt : m_options)
+  {
+    auto& detail = opt.second;
+    const auto& value = detail->value();
+
+    auto& store = m_parsed[detail->hash()];
+
+    if(value.has_default() && !store.count() && !store.has_default()){
+      parse_default(detail);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (consume_remaining)
+  {
+    while (current < argc)
+    {
+      if (!consume_positional(argv[current], next_positional)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      ++current;
+    }
+
+    //adjust argv for any that couldn't be swallowed
+    while (current != argc) {
+      unmatched.push_back(argv[current]);
+      ++current;
+    }
+  }
+
+  finalise_aliases();
+
+  ParseResult parsed(std::move(m_keys), std::move(m_parsed), std::move(m_sequential), std::move(unmatched));
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+inline
+void
+OptionParser::finalise_aliases()
+{
+  for (auto& option: m_options)
+  {
+    auto& detail = *option.second;
+    auto hash = detail.hash();
+    m_keys[detail.short_name()] = hash;
+    m_keys[detail.long_name()] = hash;
+
+    m_parsed.emplace(hash, OptionValue());
+  }
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::add_option
+(
+  const std::string& group,
+  const Option& option
+)
+{
+    add_options(group, {option});
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::add_option
+(
+  const std::string& group,
+  const std::string& s,
+  const std::string& l,
+  std::string desc,
+  const std::shared_ptr<const Value>& value,
+  std::string arg_help
+)
+{
+  auto stringDesc = toLocalString(std::move(desc));
+  auto option = std::make_shared<OptionDetails>(s, l, stringDesc, value);
+
+  if (!s.empty())
+  {
+    add_one_option(s, option);
+  }
+
+  if (!l.empty())
+  {
+    add_one_option(l, option);
+  }
+
+  m_option_list.push_front(*option.get());
+  auto iter = m_option_list.begin();
+  m_option_map[s] = iter;
+  m_option_map[l] = iter;
+
+  //add the help details
+  auto& options = m_help[group];
+
+  options.options.emplace_back(HelpOptionDetails{s, l, stringDesc,
+      value->has_default(), value->get_default_value(),
+      value->has_implicit(), value->get_implicit_value(),
+      std::move(arg_help),
+      value->is_container(),
+      value->is_boolean()});
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::add_one_option
+(
+  const std::string& option,
+  const std::shared_ptr<OptionDetails>& details
+)
+{
+  auto in = m_options->emplace(option, details);
+
+  if (!in.second)
+  {
+    throw_or_mimic<option_exists_error>(option);
+  }
+}
+
+inline
+String
+Options::help_one_group(const std::string& g) const
+{
+  using OptionHelp = std::vector<std::pair<String, String>>;
+
+  auto group = m_help.find(g);
+  if (group == m_help.end())
+  {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  OptionHelp format;
+
+  size_t longest = 0;
+
+  String result;
+
+  if (!g.empty())
+  {
+    result += toLocalString(" " + g + " options:\n");
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& o : group->second.options)
+  {
+    if (m_positional_set.find(o.l) != m_positional_set.end() &&
+        !m_show_positional)
+    {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto s = format_option(o);
+    longest = (std::max)(longest, stringLength(s));
+    format.push_back(std::make_pair(s, String()));
+  }
+
+  longest = (std::min)(longest, static_cast<size_t>(OPTION_LONGEST));
+
+  //widest allowed description
+  auto allowed = size_t{76} - longest - OPTION_DESC_GAP;
+
+  auto fiter = format.begin();
+  for (const auto& o : group->second.options)
+  {
+    if (m_positional_set.find(o.l) != m_positional_set.end() &&
+        !m_show_positional)
+    {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    auto d = format_description(o, longest + OPTION_DESC_GAP, allowed);
+
+    result += fiter->first;
+    if (stringLength(fiter->first) > longest)
+    {
+      result += '\n';
+      result += toLocalString(std::string(longest + OPTION_DESC_GAP, ' '));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      result += toLocalString(std::string(longest + OPTION_DESC_GAP -
+        stringLength(fiter->first),
+        ' '));
+    }
+    result += d;
+    result += '\n';
+
+    ++fiter;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::generate_group_help
+(
+  String& result,
+  const std::vector<std::string>& print_groups
+) const
+{
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != print_groups.size(); ++i)
+  {
+    const String& group_help_text = help_one_group(print_groups[i]);
+    if (empty(group_help_text))
+    {
+      continue;
+    }
+    result += group_help_text;
+    if (i < print_groups.size() - 1)
+    {
+      result += '\n';
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline
+void
+Options::generate_all_groups_help(String& result) const
+{
+  std::vector<std::string> all_groups;
+  all_groups.reserve(m_help.size());
+
+  for (const auto& group : m_help)
+  {
+    all_groups.push_back(group.first);
+  }
+
+  generate_group_help(result, all_groups);
+}
+
+inline
+std::string
+Options::help(const std::vector<std::string>& help_groups) const
+{
+  String result = m_help_string + "\nUsage:\n  " +
+    toLocalString(m_program) + " " + toLocalString(m_custom_help);
+
+  if (!m_positional.empty() && !m_positional_help.empty()) {
+    result += " " + toLocalString(m_positional_help);
+  }
+
+  result += "\n\n";
+
+  if (help_groups.empty())
+  {
+    generate_all_groups_help(result);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    generate_group_help(result, help_groups);
+  }
+
+  return toUTF8String(result);
+}
+
+inline
+std::vector<std::string>
+Options::groups() const
+{
+  std::vector<std::string> g;
+
+  std::transform(
+    m_help.begin(),
+    m_help.end(),
+    std::back_inserter(g),
+    [] (const std::map<std::string, HelpGroupDetails>::value_type& pair)
+    {
+      return pair.first;
+    }
+  );
+
+  return g;
+}
+
+inline
+const HelpGroupDetails&
+Options::group_help(const std::string& group) const
+{
+  return m_help.at(group);
+}
+
+} // namespace cxxopts
+
+#endif //CXXOPTS_HPP_INCLUDED

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary of changes:
 CMakeLists.txt                                     |    5 +
 Makefile.am                                        |    1 +
 configure.ac                                       |    4 +-
 {benchmarks/operation => util}/CMakeLists.txt      |    6 +-
 {benchmarks => util}/Makefile.am                   |    9 +-
 {tests => util/geosop}/CMakeLists.txt              |   12 +-
 util/geosop/GeomFunction.cpp                       |  379 ++++
 util/geosop/GeomFunction.h                         |   98 +
 util/geosop/GeosOp.cpp                             |  465 ++++
 util/geosop/GeosOp.h                               |   85 +
 util/geosop/Makefile.am                            |   26 +
 util/geosop/README.md                              |  105 +
 util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.cpp                    |   53 +
 .../PointInRing.h => util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.h |   33 +-
 util/geosop/WKTFileReader.cpp                      |   81 +
 .../PointInRing.h => util/geosop/WKTFileReader.h   |   33 +-
 util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.cpp                    |   64 +
 .../PointInRing.h => util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.h |   33 +-
 util/geosop/cxxopts.hpp                            | 2292 ++++++++++++++++++++
 19 files changed, 3719 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
 copy {benchmarks/operation => util}/CMakeLists.txt (79%)
 copy {benchmarks => util}/Makefile.am (65%)
 copy {tests => util/geosop}/CMakeLists.txt (69%)
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/GeomFunction.cpp
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/GeomFunction.h
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/GeosOp.cpp
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/GeosOp.h
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/Makefile.am
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/README.md
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.cpp
 copy include/geos/algorithm/PointInRing.h => util/geosop/WKBStreamReader.h (53%)
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/WKTFileReader.cpp
 copy include/geos/algorithm/PointInRing.h => util/geosop/WKTFileReader.h (53%)
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.cpp
 copy include/geos/algorithm/PointInRing.h => util/geosop/WKTStreamReader.h (53%)
 create mode 100644 util/geosop/cxxopts.hpp


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