<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); ">Thank you very for your reply!</span></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#008000" face="'Times New Roman'" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">In fact I mean the "Categories", and
what you said is very helpful for my understanding something about the grass
though not much.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">I think what I am now confusing about the
grass is how it describe a map either a raster or a vector (actually the raster
is my primacy), in other words what can we get from a raster or a vector map? I
had read the manual you mentioned "</span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Raster data processing in GRASS GIS</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">",
it says "</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial;color:black"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">The geographic boundaries of the raster
map are described by the north, south, east, and west fields</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">ˇ±,
but how?? Is there a example?</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> I often
encounter the following two questions when I use the garss:</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:18.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 39.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">1)</span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">The
ˇ°r.out.gdalˇ±. When I try to convert a map to a geotiff, however the image I got
is often a black blank!</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:18.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 39.0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">2)</span><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Some
command which can run normally in the garss can not in the cmd in windows with
the tips:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-align:left;
line-height:18.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-align:left;
line-height:18.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">C:\Documents
and Settings\Administrator>r.shaded.relief map=elevation.dem@PERMANENT
shadedmap=ttsh altitude=30 azimuth=270 zmult=1 scale=1 --overwrite</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-align:left;
line-height:18.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">'""'
neither a internal or outer command nor a executable program or batch file</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-align:left;
line-height:18.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-align:left;
line-height:18.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">I have
configured the environment variables, and some other commands can run normally
such as r.buffe r.infoˇˇ</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">PS:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">I have just register the maillists of the
grass and how can I directly ask or reply in the web pages as in a forum?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Thanks!</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Apachemaven</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;line-height:18.75pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><st1:chsdate year="2009" month="3" day="18" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">2009-3-18</span></span></st1:chsdate><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;color:green;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p></span></font></div><div> </div><pre></pre>