<b>I ran across something when defining and retrieving spatial/vertical
reference information using las2las2 and lasinfo. I grabbed the source
yesterday and did a build. Here is an example of using the las2las2
utility:</b><br>
<br><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">las2las2.exe --input LID35094D7NEC.las --a_srs PROJCS["NAD83 / UTM zone 15N",GEOGCS["NAD83",DATUM["North_American_Datum_1983",SPHEROID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,AUTHORITY["EPSG","7019"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","6269"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4269"]],UNIT["metre",1,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-93],PARAMETER["scale_factor",0.9996],PARAMETER["false_easting",500000],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],AUTHORITY["EPSG","26915"],AXIS["Easting",EAST],AXIS["Northing",NORTH]] --a_vertcs 5703 "North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88)" 5103 9001</span><br>
<br><b>This creates an "output.las" by default with the new
spatial/vertical reference information. Here is part of the output when
using the lasinfo to retrieve the spatial/vertical reference
information:</b><br>
<br><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">C:\>lasinfo output.las</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">ERROR 4: Unable to open EPSG support file gcs.csv.</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">Try setting the GDAL_DATA environment variable to point to the</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">directory containing EPSG csv files.</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">ERROR 4: Unable to open EPSG support file gcs.csv.</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">Try setting the GDAL_DATA environment variable to point to the</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">directory containing EPSG csv files.</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">---------------------------------------------------------</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Header Summary</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">---------------------------------------------------------</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> File Name: output.las</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Version: 1.0</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Source ID: 0</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Reserved: 0</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Project ID/GUID: '00000008-001e-07d1-0000-000000000000'</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> System Identifier: ''</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Generating Software: 'Merrick LiDAR Processing System'</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> File Creation Day/Year: 83/2006</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Header Size 227</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Offset to Point Data 17143</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Number Var. Length Records 47</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Point Data Format 1</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Point Data Record Length 28</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Number of Point Records 396899</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Number of Points by Return 343468 47125 6107 199 0</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Scale Factor X Y Z 0.001 0.001 0.001</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Offset X Y Z 0.000000 3000000.000000 0.000000</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Min X Y Z 335523.597000 3925299.686000 156.189000</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Max X Y Z 336171.654000 3926537.052000 192.926000</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Spatial Reference +proj=utm +zone=15 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83 +units</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">=m +no_defs</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">Geotiff_Information:</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Version: 1</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Key_Revision: 1.0</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Tagged_Information:</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> End_Of_Tags.</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> Keyed_Information:</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> GTModelTypeGeoKey (Short,1): ModelTypeProjected</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> GTRasterTypeGeoKey (Short,1): RasterPixelIsArea</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> GTCitationGeoKey (Ascii,17): "NAD83/UTMzone15N"</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> GeogCitationGeoKey (Ascii,6): "NAD83"</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> GeogAngularUnitsGeoKey (Short,1): Angular_Degree</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> ProjectedCSTypeGeoKey (Short,1): PCS_NAD83_UTM_zone_15N</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> ProjLinearUnitsGeoKey (Short,1): Linear_Meter</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> VerticalCSTypeGeoKey (Short,1): Unknown-5703</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> VerticalCitationGeoKey (Ascii,47): "North American Vertical Datum of 1988</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">(NAVD88╠"</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> VerticalDatumGeoKey (Short,1): Unknown-5103</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> VerticalUnitsGeoKey (Short,1): Linear_Meter</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> End_Of_Keys.</span><br style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);">
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"> End_Of_Geotiff.</span><br><br><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ignoring
the error messages at the beginning of the output, I see that there is a
symbol at the end of the "VerticalCitationGeoKey". I get the same issue
if I alter the text, the last character is not visible and is replaced
with the same unwanted piece of data. Outside of aesthetics,</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> will this affect how the vertical reference information is interpreted by software that supports these tags?<br>
<br><br><font color="#000000">Thanks,<br><br>Allan Adair</font></span></span></b>