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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks for the response -- after I sent in my original question I was also able to pinpoint the issue to ST_Buffer.  I confirmed that the input polygon is valid, and from what I can tell, this polygon has a very thin portion running along
 the "edge" of an area by which it has been clipped.  This polygon when buffered by a very small amount, returns the empty polygon.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I'm assuming that something in the ST_Buffer process is hitting an error (Self-intersection? Some other type of topology exception?) which returns an empty polygon.  However, unlike with other operations (ST_Union in particular), PostGIS
 did not print a warning or error message, which made troubleshooting difficult.  Additionally, I'm still not sure why buffering by a tiny amount on a valid geometry would create an invalid geometry, but I recognize we're dealing with extreme precision for
 the nodes.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have confirmed the same behavior when running an identical buffer operation on the same polygon using the Python "shapely" module, so this looks to be GEOS rather than PostGIS specific.  Should I reach out to that team to either track
 down the source of the issue or request that the API print a warning when this operation hits an error?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jon<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From: </span></b><span style="color:black">postgis-users <postgis-users-bounces@lists.osgeo.org> on behalf of Birgit Laggner <birgit.laggner@thuenen.de><br>
<b>Reply-To: </b>PostGIS Users Discussion <postgis-users@lists.osgeo.org><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, April 5, 2018 at 11:01 AM<br>
<b>To: </b>PostGIS Users Discussion <postgis-users@lists.osgeo.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [postgis-users] ST_Union results in empty polygon<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Hi Jonathan,<o:p></o:p></span></a></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">I tested your example and it seems the reason why the ST_Union results in an empty polygon is because the resulting polygons of the ST_Buffer
 are already empty. I could imagine complex polygons don't go well with a very small buffer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">In my experience, ST_Union only results in empty polygons when the input polygons are not valid. Did you test if your polygons are valid?
 If validity is indeed the problem, you can solve the issue with ST_MakeValid rather than with ST_Buffer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Birgit<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Von:
</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">"Jonathan McCormack" <Jonathan.McCormack@fcc.gov><br>
<b>An: </b>postgis-users@lists.osgeo.org<br>
<b>Gesendet: </b>Montag, 26. März 2018 20:05:42<br>
<b>Betreff: </b>[postgis-users] ST_Union results in empty polygon<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">We've seen occasional inconsistencies from ST_Union where the resulting polygon is empty or clearly cannot be the result of the constituent geometries.  These issues
 can often be resolved by applying a very slight buffer, though sometimes the reverse is true, where the ST_Union of the unbuffered geometries is fine, but applying the buffer causes the incorrect geometry.  The following query shows this latter case (pardon
 the lengthy geometry strings):<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">WITH poly AS (</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">  SELECT</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">    ST_SetSRID(</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">       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geometry</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">      ,4326) geom1,</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">    ST_SetSRID(</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">      '0106000020E6100000010000000103000000010000009D00000019F297FE66A65DC0B31DAB0160424140A0DACEA664A65DC03A1AAE266542414038D9CEA664A65DC0191DAE2665424140CBD26B2961A65DC0E8E02DC56B424140D5214F085EA65DC0AB7DC9A672424140ACC38AC95CA65DC0DC9E226777424140FA47D6C95AA65DC0AD1822A4844241401F4ECAC559A65DC0C8C0476C8D424140F01BFCC959A65DC0BC58978AA3424140971BFCC959A65DC08161978AA34241408D1AFCC959A65DC00D6A978AA3424140B9EC93A858A65DC0BC8DCF63AA42414046EA93A858A65DC08498CF63AA424140FACA9D6557A65DC07D8254A6AE4241409BC99D6557A65DC0AC8654A6AE424140845761C655A65DC077D49123B34241409C5461C655A65DC042DB9123B3424140325161C655A65DC006E19123B3424140F29C50A953A65DC060675227B64241409C7D5A6652A65DC03D3E4D83B842414022785A6652A65DC033464D83B8424140B914962751A65DC04F9B9FE3B94241402912962751A65DC0CD9D9FE3B9424140D59D59884FA65DC0A9F3F143BB424140CF9759884FA65DC037F7F143BB424140CF9352094FA65DC053EE2070BB4241405D65F1664EA65DC0E9C79BA8BB424140585DF1664EA65DC052C89BA8BB424140BEE7B4C74CA65DC00AFDF143BB424140A0E2B4C74CA65DC0CBFAF143BB424140D0DDB4C74CA65DC0A6F6F143BB424140F356064A4BA65DC0EDC783A0B9424140F356064A4BA65DC0ECC783A0B9424140AE52064A4BA65DC020C283A0B942414079229E284AA65DC0F8355DC2B742414032C2D9E948A65DC0F7A642E8B642414050BBD9E948A65DC0F69F42E8B64241405199E3A647A65DC092834623B54241404A14352946A65DC01C4666A1B3424140EA12352946A65DC09E4466A1B3424140954AA62943A65DC004043528B042414037DC630841A65DC00C0C2924AF424140C26C21E73EA65DC0CF616F80AF4241401CAD92E73BA65DC0014397C7B04241404851C8263AA65DC02F3282E4B3424140E9EF096A39A65DC0F3D51AA1B54241404CED096A39A65DC052DB1AA1B54241402B9BB18737A65DC0F1B52101B9424140C494B18737A65DC082BE2101B9424140A1EE0CC734A65DC0A4F59BA8BB424140C1E80CC734A65DC0BEF99BA8BB4241409A41680632A65DC0546260E7BC4241403F40680632A65DC0DF6260E7BC42414079BFBCE52BA65DC0A8E2A208BF42414002BCBCE52BA65DC069E3A208BF424140C46D85EA27A65DC0D73DE964BF4241406C6985EA27A65DC08C3DE964BF42414085E5D34721A65DC0700809E3BD42414026E3D34721A65DC0B00709E3BD424140C470A6091CA65DC03F9EC6C1BB424140E96AA6091CA65DC0769AC6C1BB424140276CAFE817A65DC00B797905B84241400E6AAFE817A65DC0ED767905B8424140C2E5EEE414A65DC0FDAB72A5B44241403D6D46E913A65DC021C0E483B4424140A964C80613A65DC0DDDBD444B5424140EBF28B6711A65DC01B501766B74241402AED8B6711A65DC0DC551766B7424140E7E68B6711A65DC0C8581766B742414013CCAA070DA65DC029E5BF61B8424140396EE6C80BA65DC024162201B942414002CE410809A65DC034DBB682BC42414097B14BC507A65DC0F849F9A3BE424140257BAAB406A65DC013B10EDAC14241401C7BAAB406A65DC02FB10EDAC1424140F8B01C5A06A65DC08D11B8E9C2424140A5CE677315A65DC0A1CA9A6828434140ABCF677315A65DC036D59A6828434140A3CF677315A65DC0FDDF9A68284341408FCE677315A65DC08CEA9A682843414078CC677315A65DC07BF49A682843414073C9677315A65DC069FD9A68284341409FC5677315A65DC0FD049B682843414020C1677315A65DC0ED0A9B682843414022BC677315A65DC0000F9B6828434140D8B6677315A65DC00B119B682843414075B1677315A65DC0FC109B68284341402DAC677315A65DC0D40E9B682843414035A7677315A65DC0A60A9B6828434140BFA2677315A65DC09D049B6828434140F49E677315A65DC0F4FC9A6828434140FC9B677315A65DC0F5F39A6828434140F399677315A65DC0FBE99A6828434140DA1553F4F9A55DC0F7E135936F4241405D4D1316EBA55DC0DFEC39A10B424140504C1316EBA55DC0A5E139A10B424140724C1316EBA55DC03AD639A10B424140C14D1316EBA55DC01CCB39A10B4241402F501316EBA55DC0C6C039A10B424140A0531316EBA55DC0A9B739A10B424140F0571316EBA55DC02CB039A10B424140EE5C1316EBA55DC0A0AA39A10B42414063621316EBA55DC043A739A10B424140EE1E0DE599A65DC0255C6B9BC6414140F8230DE599A65DC01B5B6B9BC641414004290DE599A65DC0EF5B6B9BC6414140E72D0DE599A65DC09A5E6B9BC641414077320DE599A65DC005636B9BC64141408A360DE599A65DC008696B9BC6414140FF390DE599A65DC071706B9BC6414140B63C0DE599A65DC0FE786B9BC6414140993E0DE599A65DC065826B9BC6414140DE96C5E8BDA65DC09073BA96B8424140E297C5E8BDA65DC0F57DBA96B8424140E297C5E8BDA65DC08D88BA96B8424140DE96C5E8BDA65DC0F392BA96B8424140DF94C5E8BDA65DC0C39CBA96B8424140F991C5E8BDA65DC0A1A5BA96B8424140478EC5E8BDA65DC038ADBA96B8424140EC89C5E8BDA65DC03FB3BA96B84241401285C5E8BDA65DC07FB7BA96B8424140E77FC5E8BDA65DC0CEB9BA96B84241409B7AC5E8BDA65DC016BABA96B84241406275C5E8BDA65DC056B8BA96B84241406275C5E8BDA65DC055B8BA96B84241404BD02E07BBA65DC037B7CF09B74241404BD02E07BBA65DC038B7CF09B742414001CC2E07BBA65DC021B4CF09B742414072F12D29B8A65DC0DF04B96AB4424140DC2699A7B4A65DC051CACCE4B1424140492599A7B4A65DC013C9CCE4B1424140561A48E8A8A65DC0B95BB8C4A7424140C7A71D079FA65DC099C19E00A042414036A61D079FA65DC041C09E00A0424140AF20786899A65DC09E5F71C29A424140A51F786899A65DC0985E71C29A42414039CD3D4890A65DC03799224A9142414059CC3D4890A65DC04498224A914241404EF03C6A8DA65DC078B6A90B8E424140C9ED3C6A8DA65DC03EB3A90B8E4241400A8772A98BA65DC07774BD858B4241408F8472A98BA65DC07170BD858B424140F33E92278AA65DC014CE18C588424140F23D92278AA65DC027CC18C588424140EF808AE983A65DC04C8D7B277C424140F97C8AE983A65DC026837B277C42414078DF570781A65DC0E038C9A67242414030BF7C297DA65DC08BF51626694241406C37BC257AA65DC0F6B4D9A8644241406C37BC257AA65DC0F7B4D9A8644241403E33BC257AA65DC048ADD9A864424140CA54B5C576A65DC059F84D065D4241400779C34870A65DC0A2FE90EA514241403A78C34870A65DC036FD90EA514241408A7745666FA65DC085EE224750424140FBFF2DE969A65DC0133B47A65942414019F297FE66A65DC0B31DAB0160424140'::geometry</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">      ,4326) geom2</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">)</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">SELECT ST_Area(geom1::geography) AS geom1_area,</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">  ST_Area(geom2::geography) AS geom2_area,</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">  ST_Area(ST_Union(geom1, geom2)::geography) AS g1g2_area_nobuffer,</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">  ST_Area(ST_Union(ST_Buffer(geom1, 0.0000000001), ST_Buffer(geom2, 0.0000000001))::geography) AS g1g2_area_buffer</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:Consolas;color:black">  FROM poly;</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">This query returns expected values for geom1_area, geom2_area, and g1g2_area_nobuffer, but returns 0 area due to an empty polygon for g1g2_area_buffer in two different
 PostGIS environments:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">POSTGIS="2.4.1 r16012" PGSQL="95" GEOS="3.6.2-CAPI-1.10.2 4d2925d6" PROJ="Rel. 4.9.1, 04 March 2015" GDAL="GDAL 2.2.0, released 2017/04/28"
 LIBXML="2.9.1" TOPOLOGY RASTER<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">POSTGIS="2.4.3 r16312" PGSQL="100" GEOS="3.6.2-CAPI-1.10.2 4d2925d6" PROJ="Rel. 4.9.3, 15 August 2016" GDAL="GDAL 1.11.5, released 2016/07/01"
 LIBXML="2.9.7" LIBJSON="0.12.1" RASTER<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">I'm aware that a buffer of 1e-10 decimal degrees is operating at a level of precision better suited for biology, but I still don't understand why PostGIS (or GEOS or
 wherever the issue lies) would return an empty polygon.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">Any ideas?  Or are there better ways to work around these issues?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black">Jon<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Jonathan McCormack</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Attorney Advisor & Information Systems Specialist</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Auctions and Spectrum Access Division, WTB</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
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