<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=Windows-1252">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Aptos;
panose-1:2 11 0 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Garamond;
panose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#467886;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle19
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Garamond",serif;
color:windowtext;
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ligatures:none;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style>
</head>
<body lang="en-NL" link="#467886" vlink="#96607D" style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">You can’t unless you know which X & Y you want/mean. It is NOT correct to say that
</span><span style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">y is latitude and x is longitude</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">!! XY means you use a cartesian coordinate system (the map
= flat rectangle) instead of lat & lon which are angles from the center of a spheroid or ellipsoid (the globe = a 3D object).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We call the transformation from 3D globe to flat map a projection. There are endless ways of projecting. Choose one of those projections and do the math
and then you go from lat-lons to y-es and x-es...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">For a nice overview of all this see e.g.
<a href="https://kartoweb.itc.nl/geometrics">https://kartoweb.itc.nl/geometrics</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Yours,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif">-- <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Barend Köbben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Senior Lecturer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">/Researcher</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">– ITC-GIP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;color:black">Thesis Coordinator STAMP & M-CARTO (Joined Erasmus Mundus MSc in Cartography)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">University Twente</span><span lang="NL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">,
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede (The Netherlands)
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">+31-(0)53 4874 253 / room 13</span><span lang="NL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">03</span><span lang="NL" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Langezijds (Hallenweg 8)</span><span style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Garamond",serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div id="mail-editor-reference-message-container">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt">On 18/08/2025, 21:53, "Luca Bertoncello" <lucabert@lucabert.de> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Am 18.08.2025 um 17:34 schrieb Robert Hewlett:<br>
> First step, make sure you are not crossing over.<br>
> <br>
> You say x y but latitude longitude is y x.<br>
<br>
Yes, I know... y is latitude and x is longitude...<br>
How can I calculate them?<br>
<br>
Thanks<br>
Luca Bertoncello<br>
(lucabert@lucabert.de)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>