<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Hi Javier,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">By convention, geodetic coordinates are Latitude, Longitude (ϕ,λ). If you project ϕ,λ onto a plane (in the most natural way), you get Northing, Easting. Which then leads to the X = North, Y = East convention.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">As an example of a SW coordinate system, consider South Africa. See <a href="https://ngi.dalrrd.gov.za/index.php/resources?download=37:the-south-african-coordinate-reference-system">https://ngi.dalrrd.gov.za/index.php/resources?download=37:the-south-african-coordinate-reference-system</a>:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><b>5.1.2 Latitude at natural origin /reference Latitude:</b></div></blockquote><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><ul><ul><li>5.1.2 The equator 0°E, is the latitude of reference or origin of the Gauss Conform Coordinate System.</li></ul></ul></div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><b>5.1.3 x (southings)</b></div></blockquote><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><ul><ul><li>Coordinates are measured southwards from the equator</li><li>Increases from the equator (where x = 0m) towards the south pole (with a maximum of ± 3 840 000m for continental South Africa).</li><li>Similar to the “northing” coordinates but sign in opposite.</li></ul></ul></div><blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><b>5.1.4 y (westings)</b></div></blockquote><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><ul><ul><li>Coordinates are measured from the Central Meridian (Lo) of the respective zone.</li><li>Increases from the CM (where y=0) in a westerly direction.</li><li>“y” is +ve west of the CM and –ve east of the Central Meridian.</li></ul></ul>Regards,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small">Nick.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:small"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 2 May 2024 at 10:05, Javier Jimenez Shaw via PROJ <<a href="mailto:proj@lists.osgeo.org">proj@lists.osgeo.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>Yes, of course it is the local convention (more on that later). My question is if anybody knows why those local conventions.</div><div><br></div><div>For me, to denote coordinates mathematically in a Cartesian plane, the natural order is x,y. (How we studied at school). With the X positive axis going to the right, and Y positive axis to the top of the page.</div><div>Doing that with Cartesian coordinates in a map I would expect the same. And it is the most common convention (easting-northing)<br></div><div></div><div>However, in some cases the ordering is northing-easting. Probably due to historical reasons. I would like to know those reasons.</div><div>Those maps are displayed with north at the top of the map. You have to go really back in time to see printed (or more probably painted) maps with the East or the South on the top (I never saw West, but probably there are).</div><div><br></div><div>Of course people can do whatever they want (and usually do). I am interested on the reasons for those different criteria. Is the influence of this or that cartographer? Or in eastern countries? Or by this or that language? Maybe a scientist did that following some mathematical tradition I don't know? Is it to have numbers in an easier way to read? Or is it simply to make our life more complicated and error prone? Probably there is not a single explanation, but many. I know there are geodetists in this group with much more experience and knowledge than me.<br></div><div><br></div><div>About local conventions, as I say later in the mastodon thread, local usage is not always following the axis order.</div><div>For instance, in USA almost every surveyor uses PNEZ order for GCPs (point id, northing, easting, elevation), but all the official CRSs in USA are Easting-Northing.</div><div>Similarly in Argentina, the official projected CRS is Northing-Easting, but some (many?) surveyors use Easting-Northing.<br></div><div><br></div><div>About following the same criterion as in Latitude-Longitude, it is an option. But for me it is just a guess. I do not have any data. And geographic coordinates were not always mentioned in that order. I just learned reading Snyder that Mercator wrote in 1569 "... quam secundum longitudinem latitudinemque debitam..." <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_1569_world_map#legend3" target="_blank">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_1569_world_map#legend3</a> (I don't speak Latin. Maybe the order is reversed due to any strange grammar rule).</div><div><br></div><div>Cheers.</div><div>Javier.<br></div><div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, 1 May 2024 at 12:06, Martin Desruisseaux via PROJ <<a href="mailto:proj@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">proj@lists.osgeo.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Le 2024-05-01 à 11 h 42, Javier Jimenez Shaw via PROJ a écrit :<br>
<br>
> Question:<br>
> Do you know why some **projected** coordinate reference systems use <br>
> axis order Northing-Easting?<br>
> Is that a historical reason?<br>
<br>
If I remember correctly, Roger Lott from EPSG told me that it was <br>
reflecting the local convention of the country that defined the <br>
projected CRS. The abbreviation as well, even if "X" is sometime used <br>
for Northing (for example), it, this is because the country that defined <br>
the projected CRS does that way.<br>
<br>
In some way, the EPSG database can be seen as not only a database of CRS <br>
and coordinate transformations relating them, but also a database of the <br>
local conventions for each country. In some way, the CRS contains <br>
localization data.<br>
<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
<br>
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