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<p>Hi,</p>
<div class="moz-forward-container">Also putting the PSC in the loop
for those who might have skipped that discussion, since this is a
project-level topic.</div>
<div class="moz-forward-container"><br>
</div>
<div class="moz-forward-container">Even</div>
<div class="moz-forward-container"><br>
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<div class="moz-forward-container">-------- Message transféré
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<th valign="BASELINE" align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap">Sujet :
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<td>[QGIS-Developer] [Poll created] Re: "Human In The Loop"
Policy For AI/Tool-Assisted Contributions</td>
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<th valign="BASELINE" align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap">Date : </th>
<td>Sat, 7 Feb 2026 00:30:59 +0100</td>
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<th valign="BASELINE" align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap">De : </th>
<td>Even Rouault via QGIS-Developer
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:qgis-developer@lists.osgeo.org"><qgis-developer@lists.osgeo.org></a></td>
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<th valign="BASELINE" align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap">Répondre
à : </th>
<td>Even Rouault <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:even.rouault@spatialys.com"><even.rouault@spatialys.com></a></td>
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<th valign="BASELINE" align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap">Pour : </th>
<td>Vincent Picavet <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:vincent.ml@oslandia.com"><vincent.ml@oslandia.com></a>, Greg
Troxel <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:gdt@lexort.com"><gdt@lexort.com></a>, Even Rouault via
QGIS-Developer <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:qgis-developer@lists.osgeo.org"><qgis-developer@lists.osgeo.org></a></td>
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<br>
<br>
Vincent,<br>
<br>
Thanks for your feedback. Yes copyright / IP issues are a tricky
problem to deal with and you make good points on how things could
go wrong. That said, in practice I believe most generated code
would be mostly derived from QGIS itself, QT code or doc or be
non-copyrightable material. I can imagine though that
contributions including non-trivial algorithms could possibly be
infringing copyright. In that situation, the reviewers could ask
the submitter to bring more light on the provenance of such code
(the contributor may ask the LLM to dig for references for the
provenance and check they are OK with GPL2 inclusion, being aware
that the LLM could hallucinate them...), and if no satisfactory
answer is given, reject the contribution. But that can be
admitedly hard to spot for reviewers. I'd be happy to amend the
QEP with that if someone can propose an adequate formulation.<br>
<br>
I've doubts a "no AI" policy is achievable in practice, or people
will lie. As you mention, we can require people to mention the
tool they have used, possibly the prompt(s) they use, which manual
modifications they applied on top of that. Doesn't the paragraph
starting at line 35
(<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://github.com/qgis/QGIS-Enhancement-Proposals/pull/363/changes#diff-4f4102e51f04fdfc82e843c6942abe9965c03ac85a92e9becf21bcca8b5571adR35">https://github.com/qgis/QGIS-Enhancement-Proposals/pull/363/changes#diff-4f4102e51f04fdfc82e843c6942abe9965c03ac85a92e9becf21bcca8b5571adR35</a>)
cover enough your point about "have a mandatory mention and
description of LLM usage for each contribution" ?<br>
<br>
The main driver for this QEP was to give us a tool to be able to
quickly reject sloppy contributions with a solid reference to back
our decisions, but we must indeed decide whether we go further
than this.<br>
<br>
For that purpose, I've created a quick poll at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnVWoD5DrwCbNXqPqHsLw2jfbLkPMKBkvfyQfTQOPZkj_EaQ/viewform">https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnVWoD5DrwCbNXqPqHsLw2jfbLkPMKBkvfyQfTQOPZkj_EaQ/viewform</a>
so we can gather opinions on the general direction we want on that
subject. All, please fill!<br>
<br>
Even<br>
<br>
Le 06/02/2026 à 18:01, Vincent Picavet via QGIS-Developer a
écrit :<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Hi,<br>
<br>
I would double-down on Greg Troxel's advice concerning copyright
issues, especially concerning the introduction of LLM-generated
code into QGIS codebase.<br>
<br>
Opensource's success is based on these main characteristics :
quality, security, trust.<br>
<br>
AI contributions pose a threat to quality, security and trust
alike.<br>
<br>
A human-in-the-loop policy for contributions written with AI may
help for quality and security issues, but will still leaves a
huge problem for trust.<br>
<br>
Among the various aspects of trust, what worries me most right
now is the copyright issue. OpenSource software is based on
intellectual property laws, and especially on copyright, to be
able to derive copyleft and grant more rights to end-users.<br>
<br>
End-user trust opensource software from a legal point of view
because :<br>
<br>
- they are backed by well-established copyright laws<br>
<br>
- they have clear and well established end-users contracts (
opensource licences )<br>
<br>
- they have a full record of modifications of the source code,
hence a full lineage and certification of IP rights for the code<br>
<br>
- also, foundations like OSGeo additionnaly put a stamp on the
software to guarantee that process and initial IP can be trusted
enough to have a legal insurance concerning the software<br>
<br>
Introducing IA black boxes into the development process breaks
the ability to control the lineage of the code and guarantee
that it is a genuine invention, and therefore allowed to be
licenced under the GPL.<br>
<br>
For quality and security, a developer can always intrinsically
assess that the generated code has the required level of
quality, and that it does not include any security flaw.<br>
<br>
But **there is no way for a developer to evaluate the IP rights
on a code generated by a LLM**. How would one do it, since the
code has been generated through a total opaque black box
ingesting non-identified enormous volumes of data ?<br>
<br>
Today, we definitely know that LLMs ( ChatGPT, Claude and others
) have been trained on illegal copyrighted material. It is
proven that they trained LLMs on pirated books. Furthermore,
every time someone complaints about IP violation by LLM, big
corps settle a financial arrangement with the copyright owners
and move on.<br>
<br>
There is therefore no doubt that they have also trained LLMs on
proprietary code. And also on opensource code not compliant with
GPLv2+.<br>
<br>
Big corp. currently hide behind a "fair use" argument, but this
is clearly rubbish, otherwise why would they bother to settle
large financial deals with copyright owners ?<br>
<br>
So, LLM-generated code contributed to QGIS will at some point be
plagiarized from random code available on the internet, and
neither QGIS.org nor the contributor will be able to know.<br>
<br>
If we start accepting such code without being able to check
provenance or copyright issues, it will end up buried deep
inside QGIS, and the day we will discover that it infringes
copyright, it will be a nightmare to solve : in this case we
will want to revert all incriminated code, and also all code
depending on the plagiarized code **and have it rewritten from
scratch by someone who has never read the plagiarized code** (
ref : SCO/UNIX for example ). This is almost impossible.<br>
<br>
This would be a nightmare, just for one identified contribution.<br>
<br>
Even more, if/when the fair-use principle of LLMs falls down,
then all LLM-generated code should be removed from QGIS, and all
code depending on it. This is a really high risk with high
impact.<br>
<br>
You may say : "ok but everyone does it, the chances of being
caught are low, why not benefit from the opportunity ?"<br>
<br>
Then what about "everyone copies GPL code into proprietary code,
the chances of being caught are low, why not benefit from the
opportunity ?"<br>
<br>
Copyright is at the foundation of OpenSource software, and
especially GPL-based software. If we choose to deny it, then we
loose our core principle.<br>
<br>
In the text Even propose, there is a copyright section, pushing
the responsibility of IP compliance control back to the
contributor. It may protect QGIS.org or other developers from
being sued whenever there is a problem, or they could sue back
the faulty contributor, but this is not enough :<br>
<br>
- the faulty contributor has no way to ensure his generated code
has no IP issue ( other than NOT using LLMs ) : responsibility
without any mean of action is not fair and sustainable<br>
<br>
- even if the QGIS projet can avoid being convicted by
transferring responsibility, then the situation would still be
open and be a nightmare : removing plagiarized code entangled
down the core of the software and all its dependency code, and
rewrite it without IP issue is really hard<br>
<br>
Therefore, I do not think this mention is enough for IP
protection.<br>
<br>
This rationale concerns the generated code itself, contributed
to QGIS or other software in the ecosystem. LLMs may be useful
and without IP risks to help find bugs, write parts of
documentations where there is no risk of plagiarism, or other
use cases.<br>
<br>
But I would definitely **forbid any generated code to be
introduced into the main source code because of IP risk**.<br>
<br>
Also, the least we can do for any contribution, is not only to
have a human in the loop, but also to have a mandatory mention
and description of LLM usage for each contribution. This would
at least give traceability. It does not solve anything, but in
case of a problem, we could at least start to investigate.<br>
<br>
A am glad this conversation takes place, and willing to pursue
the discussion, sorry for having been long.<br>
<br>
Have a nice weekend,<br>
<br>
Vincent<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 31/01/2026 01:01, Greg Troxel via QGIS-Developer wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite">I would suggest a much stronger policy:<br>
<br>
no LLM-generated code or discussion may be submitted to any
QGIS forum<br>
<br>
<br>
The idea that LLM-generated code has been "reviewed" intends
to be that<br>
it is of high enough quality that it is reasonable for
*humans* to spend<br>
time reviewing it. But I don't believe that asking that it be
reviewed<br>
will achieve that in practice.<br>
<br>
I've already had the experience (in a different project) of
seeing a<br>
posted PR(ish, patch on list), taking the time to comment, and
getting<br>
LLM-generated (vacuous) replies to my comments.<br>
<br>
Besides the ethical problems with asking humans to review,
improve,<br>
judge or in any other way pay attention to LLM output, there's
the<br>
problem of copyright. While machine-generated text isn't
copyrightable<br>
as is, LLM output is a derived work of stolen human work,
scraped<br>
and used without permission, often as DDOS.<br>
<br>
On the basis of each reason, I believe the policy about LLM
should just<br>
be "no".<br>
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