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    Aloha.<br>
    You might want to consider simply using Great Circle distances and
    then refining that if you need something better.<br>
    J.<br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 10/22/20 12:50, Peter Borissow
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:1532527642.1931908.1603396215329@mail.yahoo.com">
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        <div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><span>I agree with Hernán,
            that you are probably better off using ellipsoidal
            (geodetic) distances rather than projected distances for
            such large tracks. <br>
          </span>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><span>Of course, you can
              use whatever projection you want to RENDER the routes. For
              example you can use a conic projection to render the bird
              tracks or a orthographic map projection. It all depends on
              what message you are trying to convey to your audience. <br>
            </span>
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      <div id="ydp836de6ecyahoo_quoted_3427699017"
        class="ydp836de6ecyahoo_quoted">
        <div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial,
          sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;">
          <div> On Thursday, October 22, 2020, 3:14:34 PM EDT, Charles
            Dixon-Paver <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:charles@kartoza.com"><charles@kartoza.com></a> wrote: </div>
          <div><br>
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          <div><br>
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          <div>
            <div id="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573">
              <div>
                <div dir="ltr">Pardon my ignorance, but my brain is
                  burning a bit with this topic... Is there a particular
                  reason nobody is suggesting the utilisation of an
                  equidistant projection? I thought this was what they
                  are optimised for. Albers conic equal area is for the
                  preservation of area, not distance as far as I'm
                  aware.
                  <div><br clear="none">
                  </div>
                  <div>I know pretty much nothing of Two Point
                    Equidistant projections, but considering the field
                    of interest is migration I feel like this is
                    probably the most accurate method (depending on
                    implementation)? I would think an Azimuthal
                    Equidistant projection centered on the area of
                    interest would be more accurate than albers at
                    least... And if the maps look way too funny then use
                    something like the equidistant conic?</div>
                  <div><br clear="none">
                  </div>
                  <div>This is pure conjecture on my part, so I'd
                    appreciate the correction if I'm missing the plot...</div>
                  <div><br clear="none">
                  </div>
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                <br clear="none">
                <div class="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail_quote">
                  <div class="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573yqt9759778791"
                    id="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573yqtfd89088">
                    <div class="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail_attr"
                      dir="ltr">On Thu, 22 Oct 2020 at 19:35, Falk
                      Huettmann <<a shape="rect"
                        href="mailto:fhuettmann@alaska.edu"
                        rel="nofollow" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">fhuettmann@alaska.edu</a>>
                      wrote:<br clear="none">
                    </div>
                    <blockquote
                      class="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail_quote"
                      style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px
                      solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex;">
                      <div dir="ltr">Hi there, Mike et al,
                        <div><br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <div>thanks,</div>
                        <div>but if you check up with Thomas Alerstam 
                          from Sweden - as a bird tracking migration
                          person you really ought to know those things
                          and his entire books/papers -</div>
                        <div>there is sufficient literature on the topic
                          for years re. projections, e.g. this one for
                          starters. </div>
                        <div><a shape="rect"
href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12122402_Migration_Along_Orthodromic_Sun_Compass_Routes_by_Arctic_Birds__;!!Mih3wA!RyMpbAKaWAmYgznMW5fozhrNvNNW3iiURGcMTtYC4nYC8sSDMHP23tv29mkBPrc$"
                            rel="nofollow" target="_blank"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12122402_Migration_Along_Orthodromic_Sun_Compass_Routes_by_Arctic_Birds</a><br
                            clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <div><br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <div>Some others are found with the navigation
                          sciences, with sea turtle math work (former
                          Ram Myers) and then rocket and missile
                          targeting of course.</div>
                        <div>It's usually not written though by
                          geography or GIS experts. The Google Earth
                          maps boldly ignore the projection issue (as
                          they are just a shiny commercial PR tool).</div>
                        <div><br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <div>Overall, for birds these days, the public
                          resource question should sit on CONSERVATION
                          and sustainable management,</div>
                        <div>not ivory-tower questions. The latter have
                          been done for centuries without relevant
                          outcome and progress.</div>
                        <div>Yes, the earth is round and an optimal
                          route exist, but now what ? Birds know and
                          used that for millennia and their presences
                          show it no other.. Data exist to that degree.</div>
                        <div>Other problems are more relevant these
                          days.</div>
                        <div><br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <div>A nice question why after 100 years of
                          research on bird migration, state-funded with
                          $Mio's, and with MPI and Movebank, ICARUS etc</div>
                        <div>no readily available solution or answer
                          exist in R or GIS etc.</div>
                        <div><br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <div>That's my opinion and answer on your
                          question. Feel free to follow up as needed.</div>
                        <div><br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <div>Best regards</div>
                        <div>   Falk Huettmann PhD, Professor</div>
                        <div>     Uni of Alaska Fairbanks</div>
                        <div><br clear="none">
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <br clear="none">
                      <div class="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail_quote">
                        <div class="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail_attr"
                          dir="ltr">On Wed, Oct 21, 2020 at 11:53 PM
                          MIKE MCGRADY <<a shape="rect"
                            href="mailto:mikemcgrady@hotmail.com"
                            rel="nofollow" target="_blank"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">mikemcgrady@hotmail.com</a>>
                          wrote:<br clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <blockquote
                          class="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail_quote"
                          style="margin:0px 0px 0px
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                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <div style="font-family:Calibri, Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);">
                              As far as I can recall, few studies of
                              long-distance migratory species state what
                              projections are used.  Is there any
                              published study of the effect of
                              projections on analyses of animal
                              movement?</div>
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sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);">
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                              M</div>
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                                <div>
                                  <div>M. J. McGrady </div>
                                  <div>Am Rosenhugel 59</div>
                                  <div>A-3500 Krems</div>
                                  <div>Austria</div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <div style="font-family:Calibri,
                                Helvetica,
                                sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);">
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                              <hr
                                style="display:inline-block;width:98%;">
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail-m_-4270035359120948779gmail-m_2330862348964759604gmail-m_201484568261164539divRplyFwdMsg"><font
                                  style="font-size:11pt;" face="Calibri,
                                  sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b>
                                  Qgis-user <<a shape="rect"
                                    href="mailto:qgis-user-bounces@lists.osgeo.org"
                                    rel="nofollow" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">qgis-user-bounces@lists.osgeo.org</a>>
                                  on behalf of Hernán De Angelis <<a
                                    shape="rect"
                                    href="mailto:variablestarlight@gmail.com"
                                    rel="nofollow" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">variablestarlight@gmail.com</a>><br
                                    clear="none">
                                  <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 22,
                                  2020 6:57 AM<br clear="none">
                                  <b>To:</b> <a shape="rect"
                                    href="mailto:qgis-user@lists.osgeo.org"
                                    rel="nofollow" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">qgis-user@lists.osgeo.org</a>
                                  <<a shape="rect"
                                    href="mailto:qgis-user@lists.osgeo.org"
                                    rel="nofollow" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">qgis-user@lists.osgeo.org</a>><br
                                    clear="none">
                                  <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Qgis-user]
                                  Projections</font>
                                <div> </div>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;">Mike</p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br
                                    clear="none">
                                </p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;">For
                                  measuring the kind of distances you
                                  are mentioning I would suggest using
                                  ellipsoidal (geodetic) distances
                                  rather than projected distances. This
                                  is because projected distances can
                                  become very inaccurate over large
                                  regions (depending on the particular
                                  projection of course).<br clear="none">
                                </p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br
                                    clear="none">
                                </p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;">If
                                  measuring areas is important consider
                                  an equal area projection, like Albers
                                  for example, not a conformal one like
                                  Lambert.</p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br
                                    clear="none">
                                </p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;">Hope
                                  this helps.<br clear="none">
                                </p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br
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                                </p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;">/H.<br
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                                </p>
                                <p
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                                </p>
                                <p
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                                </p>
                                <p
                                  style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"><br
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                                </p>
                                <div>On 2020-10-22 07:43, MIKE MCGRADY
                                  wrote:<br clear="none">
                                </div>
                                <blockquote type="cite">
                                  <div style="font-family:Calibri,
                                    Helvetica,
                                    sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);">
                                    I have data on tracked migratory
                                    birds, and want accurate measures of
                                    distance travelled during migration
                                    and areas of summering and wintering
                                    ranges.  These birds are summering
                                    in central Asia (mostly Kazakhstan
                                    and southern Russia), and wintering
                                    in Arabia.  Any advice on which
                                    projection to use?  My guess is
                                    Lambert conformal conic.  I'd really
                                    like to avoid using different
                                    projections for different phases of
                                    the birds' annual cycle, unless
                                    absolutely necessary.  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div style="font-family:Calibri,
                                      Helvetica,
                                      sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0);">
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                                    </div>
                                    <div
id="ydp836de6ecyiv6357707573gmail-m_-4270035359120948779gmail-m_2330862348964759604gmail-m_201484568261164539x_Signature">
                                      <div>
                                        <div>M. J. McGrady </div>
                                        <div>Am Rosenhugel 59</div>
                                        <div>A-3500 Krems</div>
                                        <div>Austria</div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
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    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
John Helly, University of California, San Diego / San Diego Supercomputer Center / Scripps Institution of Oceanography / 760 840 8660 mobile / <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.sdsc.edu/~hellyj">http://www.sdsc.edu/~hellyj</a>
ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-0603</pre>
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