<div dir="ltr"><div><br></div>Has ESRI explained why they are creating a new format? In reading the discussion so far it sounds like there is an assumption that the issue is with <span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">FastAC, but there may be other reasons. And is the ESRI format open?</span><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">ESRI has created a new format for Geocon datum grid shift files that seems like a significant improvement over the original. Their github pages </span><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">[1] </span><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">offers a logical explanation of why they are creating a new format, a useful set of tools, and an Apache license. </span></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">[1] <a href="https://github.com/Esri/geocon-file-routines">https://github.com/Esri/geocon-file-routines</a></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">Rich</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Apr 11, 2015 at 6:43 AM, Sebastiaan Couwenberg <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:sebastic@xs4all.nl" target="_blank">sebastic@xs4all.nl</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class="">On 04/11/2015 01:19 PM, Even Rouault wrote:<br>
> Le samedi 11 avril 2015 12:18:39, Sebastiaan Couwenberg a écrit :<br>
>> On 04/11/2015 09:24 AM, Cameron Shorter wrote:<br>
>>> I forgot to share URL:<br>
>>> <a href="http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/LIDAR_Format_Letter" target="_blank">http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/LIDAR_Format_Letter</a><br>
>><br>
>> Are you aware of the legal issue in LASzip which likely contributed to<br>
>> ESRI developing their own alternative?<br>
>><br>
>> LASzip contains code from the FastAC algorithm which allows distribution<br>
>> but not modification.<br>
>><br>
>> The FastAC license is therefor incompatible with the LGPL-2.1+ license<br>
>> used for LASzip which guarantees the right to modification.<br>
><br>
> I believed the LGPL only guarantees the right to modification to the source<br>
> code that is licenced under LGPL, or am I wrong ? LGPL can (and does) put<br>
> constraints on code that uses it, but why/how could it put constraints on code<br>
> it uses ?<br>
<br>
</span>The LGPL-2.1+ [1] defines a library as follows:<br>
<br>
"<br>
A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data<br>
prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs<br>
(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.<br>
<br>
The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work<br>
which has been distributed under these terms. A "work based on the<br>
Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under<br>
copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a<br>
portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated<br>
straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is<br>
included without limitation in the term "modification".)<br>
"<br>
<br>
[1] <a href="http://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1+" target="_blank">http://spdx.org/licenses/LGPL-2.1+</a><br>
<br>
The FastAC code in LASzip is part of the "collection of software<br>
functions" and therefor considered integral part of the library.<br>
<br>
The LGPL guarantees the right to modify "any portion" of the library:<br>
<br>
"<br>
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion<br>
of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and<br>
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1<br>
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:<br>
<br>
a) The modified work must itself be a software library.<br>
<br>
b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices<br>
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.<br>
<br>
c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no<br>
charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.<br>
<br>
d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a<br>
table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses<br>
the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility<br>
is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,<br>
in the event an application does not supply such function or<br>
table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of<br>
its purpose remains meaningful.<br>
<br>
(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has<br>
a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the<br>
application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any<br>
application-supplied function or table used by this function must<br>
be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square<br>
root function must still compute square roots.)<br>
"<br>
<br>
The license for the FastAC portion does not allow modification making it<br>
incompatible with LGPL.<br>
<br>
The changes made to the FastAC source code included in LASzip can also<br>
be considered a violation of the FastAC license. But since those changes<br>
are quite minimal it can be argued that the FastAC terms do not apply,<br>
only a court ruling can settle this argument.<br>
<br>
Since the FastAC authors would like their work to be used in open source<br>
projects they are unlikely to make a case about the modifications made<br>
to their code in LASzip, but it's entirely within their rights under the<br>
current license terms.<br>
<br>
The FastAC terms make LASzip undistributable because the LGPL gives<br>
permissions to recipients of the library to modify it and disallows<br>
restricting these rights:<br>
<br>
"<br>
10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the<br>
Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the<br>
original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library<br>
subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further<br>
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.<br>
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with<br>
this License.<br>
"<br>
<br>
The FastAC license does restrict these rights in violation of this clause.<br>
<span class=""><br>
> Similar situation: I can write GPL/LGPL code that works on Windows and links<br>
> against Windows system libraries, which don't give right to modification, but<br>
> it doesn't invalidate the fact that I chose GPL/LGPL license for my code and<br>
> doesn't prevent anyone using it under their terms.<br>
<br>
</span>The license for the Windows libraries are leading in this example, if<br>
their license terms contains a clause like the LGPL about a "work that<br>
uses the Library" those terms are applicable to the GPL/LGPL code that<br>
use the Windows libraries.<br>
<span class=""><br>
> For Debian, I can understand that it doesn't want to distribute code licensed<br>
> with free license that uses code with a not-free license. But from the point<br>
> of view of a proprietary software editor, if you don't need to make any<br>
> modification to the FastAC code, what's the issue ?<br>
<br>
</span>As explained above the LGPL allows modification of "any portion", which<br>
in the case of LASzip is not applicable, because the FastAC portion does<br>
not allow modification. This is the root of the problem.<br>
<br>
A proprietary software vendor needs to comply with the Free Software<br>
licenses of the works it includes in their product. GPL licensed works<br>
are out of the question because inclusion of only portions of the code<br>
makes their entire product the GPL code is included in a derivative work<br>
to which the terms of the GPL apply.<br>
<br>
The proprietary software vendor can only include LGPL licensed works<br>
because only linking to the library does not make their product a<br>
derivative work of the library. If they make modifications to the LGPL<br>
licensed work, those modifications do fall under the LGPL license and<br>
therefore require source code for the modification be made available.<br>
<br>
The current FastAC license doesn't allow that portion to be modified,<br>
preventing anyone from making improvements. If the FastAC code was<br>
freely licensed, ESRI could have improved the algorithm instead of being<br>
forced to develope an alternative for example.<br>
<span class="im"><br>
Kind Regards,<br>
<br>
Bas<br>
<br>
--<br>
GPG Key ID: 4096R/6750F10AE88D4AF1<br>
Fingerprint: 8182 DE41 7056 408D 6146 50D1 6750 F10A E88D 4AF1<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">Richard W. Greenwood, PLS<br><a href="http://www.greenwoodmap.com" target="_blank">www.greenwoodmap.com</a></div></div>
</div></div>