<div dir="ltr">I was able to reproduce this issue with pure GDAL. When you read data with boundless=True in rasterio it creates an intermediate VRT file. This is the example of file that being created in my case:<div><br></div><div><pre style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><?xml version="<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1.0</span>" encoding="UTF-<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">8</span>"?>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTDataset</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> rasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> rasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SRS</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>PROJCS["WGS <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">84</span> / UTM zone <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">47</span>N",GEOGCS["WGS <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">84</span>",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">84</span>",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">6378137</span>,<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">298.257223563</span>,AUTHORITY["EPSG","<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">7030</span>"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">6326</span>"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span>,AUTHORITY["EPSG","<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">8901</span>"]],UNIT["degree",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0174532925199433</span>,AUTHORITY["EPSG","<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">9122</span>"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">4326</span>"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span>],PARAMETER["central_meridian",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">99</span>],PARAMETER["scale_factor",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.9996</span>],PARAMETER["false_easting",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">500000</span>],PARAMETER["false_northing",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span>],UNIT["metre",<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1</span>,AUTHORITY["EPSG","<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">9001</span>"]],AXIS["Easting",EAST],AXIS["Northing",NORTH],AUTHORITY["EPSG","<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">32647</span>"]]<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SRS</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">GeoTransform</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">443070.0</span>,<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1.0</span>,<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span>,<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">4366312.0</span>,<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span>,-<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">GeoTransform</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> band</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NoDataValue</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NoDataValue</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ColorInterp</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>Red<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ColorInterp</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> relativeToVRT</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> shared</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>dummy<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>tif<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceProperties</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SrcRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">DstRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleRatio</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleRatio</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleOffset</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleOffset</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> relativeToVRT</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> shared</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>/vsicurl/https://*.vrt<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceProperties</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SrcRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">DstRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-6961.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-105176.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NODATA</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NODATA</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">OpenOptions</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span> <span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> band</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"2"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NoDataValue</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NoDataValue</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ColorInterp</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>Green<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ColorInterp</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> relativeToVRT</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> shared</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>dummy<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>tif<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">2</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceProperties</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SrcRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">DstRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleRatio</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleRatio</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleOffset</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleOffset</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> relativeToVRT</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> shared</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>/vsicurl/https://*.vrt<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">2</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceProperties</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SrcRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">DstRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-6961.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-105176.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
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<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">OpenOptions</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span> <span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> band</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"3"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NoDataValue</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">NoDataValue</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ColorInterp</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>Blue<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ColorInterp</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> relativeToVRT</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> shared</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>dummy<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>tif<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">3</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceProperties</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SrcRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">DstRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"1"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleRatio</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleRatio</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleOffset</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0.0</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ScaleOffset</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> relativeToVRT</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> shared</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>/vsicurl/https://*.vrt<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span><span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">3</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceProperties</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SrcRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">DstRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-6961.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-105176.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
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<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">OpenOptions</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span> <span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">ComplexSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">MaskBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SimpleSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> relativeToVRT</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> shared</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>/vsicurl/https://*.vrt<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceFilename</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>mask,<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SourceProperties</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> BlockYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"128"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterXSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40961"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> RasterYSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139265"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> dataType</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"Byte"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SrcRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"><</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">DstRect</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-6961.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> xSize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"40960"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> yOff</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"-105176.0"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> ySize</span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,48)">=</span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,230)">"139264"</span><span style="color:rgb(39,71,150)"> </span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">/></span> <span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">SimpleSource</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTRasterBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">MaskBand</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span>
<span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)"></</span><span style="color:rgb(95,80,53)">VRTDataset</span><span style="color:rgb(166,87,0)">></span></pre><pre style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">If I read data from this file with gdal using </span><font color="#000000">resample_alg=gdalconst.GRIORA_NearestNeighbour </font>then GDAL takes into account *.vrt.ovr file and sends very few HTTP requests to the server (~30):
<pre style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">ds = gdal<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>OpenEx("/tmp/rasterio<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>vrt")
image = ds<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>ReadAsArray(xoff=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span>, yoff=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span>, xsize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">5671</span>, ysize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">5648</span>, buf_xsize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">383</span>, buf_ysize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">385</span>, resample_alg=gdalconst<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>GRIORA_NearestNeighbour</pre>If I do the same but using resample_alg=gdalconst.GRIORA_Cubic then GDAL sends a huge amount of requests to the server (~1k) because overviews are not used:</pre><pre style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">ds = gdal<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>OpenEx("/tmp/rasterio<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>vrt")
image = ds<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>ReadAsArray(xoff=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span>, yoff=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">0</span>, xsize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">5671</span>, ysize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">5648</span>, buf_xsize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">383</span>, buf_ysize=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">385</span>, resample_alg=gdalconst<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>GRIORA_Cubic<br></pre>Is it expected or might there be something wrong with that VRT file? Thanks in advance for any help.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Aug 26, 2020 at 6:18 PM Denis Rykov <<a href="mailto:rykovd@gmail.com">rykovd@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I have remote *.vrt raster and *.vrt.ovr accessible through HTTP. When I run the following script with rasterio:<br><div><br></div><div><pre style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">with rasterio<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>open("http://*.vrt"") as src:
image = src<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>read(indexes=[<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">1</span>, <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">2</span>, <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">3</span>], **{
"window": Window(col_off=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">6961</span>, row_off=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">105176</span>, width=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">5671</span>, height=<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">5648</span>),
"resampling": Resampling<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">.</span>cubic,
"boundless": True,
"out_shape": (<span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">3</span>, <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">383</span>, <span style="color:rgb(0,140,0)">385</span>),
"masked": True
})</span>
</pre>depending on "resampling" algorithm GDAL sends different amounts of requests to the server. In the case of "cubic" it doesn't take into account overviews and sends requests directly to *.tif files (900 in my case). In case of "nearest" everything is ok (only 60 requests, *.vrt.ovr is taken into account).</div><div><br></div><div>Does GDAL check the resampling algorithm of overviews and in case it differs from the option specified in read() method they are bypassed or it works differently?</div></div>
</blockquote></div>