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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">>Since GDAL's code base is quite large, it is not easy to find the appropriate location.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I have found that using Visual Studio Code is an unvaluable tool to navigate in large source codes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">To find a definition of a function one only have to right-click it and ask to go to its definition.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> gdal-dev <gdal-dev-bounces@lists.osgeo.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Bullinger, Sebastian<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 25, 2021 5:31 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Even Rouault <even.rouault@spatialys.com>; gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [gdal-dev] Computing a geo-transform with gdalwarp from a set of GCPs also rectifies the input images<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><br>
@Andrew<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">> Have you noticed whether the output image has no-data pixels at the<br>
> edges, or crops the original ? I would expect it to do a little of each.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">The output image has no-data values - it does not crop the image - which is inline with the description by Even (see below).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><br>
@Even<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">> When creating an output file from scatch (either it doesn't exist, or -overwrite is used),
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">> gdalwarp will always produce a "north-up" image in the target CRS.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">> ...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">> How gdalwarp rectifies depends on content of the source dataset (GCP, geolocation arrays, RPCs),<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">> user switches and default behaviours. For a source dataset with GCPs, if you have < 6 GCPs,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">> a linear fit will be used by default. For >= 6 GCPs, a 2nd order polynomial fit will be used.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Thank you for clarifying this - this explains the results I'm observing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><br>
Is it possible access the transformation used to rectify the images during the gdalwarp call?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">At the moment, I feel that gdalwarp acts (w.r.t. the rectification) like a black box.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Maybe it would be reasonable to (optionally) provide some information about the rectification process?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">If it is not possible to get this information, could you point out the code snippet that performs the rectification step?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Since GDAL's code base is quite large, it is not easy to find the appropriate location.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Thank you for your help - and sorry for the noise.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Sebastian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:#003366">--</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><br>
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Dr. Sebastian Bullinger</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Fraunhofer Institute of
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366">Optronics, Sytem Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#003366"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Even Rouault <<a href="mailto:even.rouault@spatialys.com">even.rouault@spatialys.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, March 25, 2021 5:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Bullinger, Sebastian; <a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [gdal-dev] Computing a geo-transform with gdalwarp from a set of GCPs also rectifies the input images</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">When creating an output file from scatch (either it doesn't exist, or -overwrite is used), gdalwarp will always produce a "north-up" image in the target CRS. This is by design of
the utility. If you just want to subset, preserving the original orientation, use gdal_translate. In update mode of an existing target dataset however, gdalwarp will use the georeferencing attached to the target (so potentially not north-up).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">How gdalwarp rectifies depends on content of the source dataset (GCP, geolocation arrays, RPCs), user switches and default behaviours. For a source dataset with GCPs, if you have
< 6 GCPs, a linear fit will be used by default. For >= 6 GCPs, a 2nd order polynomial fit will be used. You may also use the -tps switch to ask for thin plate splines. The -to switch can also be used for finer control: see link pointed by
<a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdalwarp.html#cmdoption-gdalwarp-to">https://gdal.org/programs/gdalwarp.html#cmdoption-gdalwarp-to</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Even<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Le 23/03/2021 à 18:47, Bullinger, Sebastian a écrit :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Dear gdal community,<br>
<br>
I'm currently working with a set of satellite images that are geo-registered with a set of GCPs. To compute a geo-transform from the GCPs, I've been using gdalwarp with:<br>
<br>
gdalwarp -of GTiff path/to/original/file path/to/warped/file<br>
<br>
While "gdalwarp" correctly computes a transformation from the GCPs, at the same it also performs some kind of rectification / north-up image transformation. I'm not sure about the applied operation.<br>
<br>
Presumably, the reason for this is that the original GCPs reflect a transformation with skew factors.<br>
See the following transformations of the original and the warped image. <br>
<br>
>>> import gdal<br>
>>> dataset = gdal.Open("path/to/original/file")<br>
>>> print(gdal.GCPsToGeoTransform(dataset.GetGCPs()))<br>
(-58.57294039342205, -3.991598267026281e-06, 0.0, -34.451175177186684, -3.6492767328575985e-07, 3.1987810722132996e-06)<br>
<br>
>>> import gdal<br>
>>> dataset = gdal.Open("path/to/warped/file")<br>
>>> print(dataset.GetGeoTransform())<br>
(-58.577917916461026, 3.435846284510554e-06, 0.0, -34.44693359348493, 0.0, -3.435846284510554e-06)<br>
<br>
The "rectification" result is very convenient, since it allows to use the images with an existing satellite image segmentation pipeline (which tiles the satellite images using geo-tiles)<br>
However, in order to overlay the segmentations (performed on the "rectified" images) with the original images, I need some information about the transformation applied during "gdalwarp".<br>
<br>
I've searched the documentation for more information - unfortunately without success.
<br>
For example, parameters like "-novshiftgrid" do not affect this transformation.<br>
<br>
It would be very helpful, if someone could shed some light on the used "rectification".<br>
What kind of operation is applied? What would be the correct term to search for?<br>
Is it "only" a decomposition of the transform? Or does "gdalwarp" something else too?<br>
Is there a possibility to access this information, while using "gdalwarp"? (Or can this operation also be done by hand?)<br>
Does GDAL contain any functions to invert this "rectification" step - given the corresponding transformation used by "gdalwarp"?<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
Sebastian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">--</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Dr. Sebastian Bullinger</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Department Object Recognition</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Optronics, Sytem Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Gutleuthausstr. 1, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black">Phone +49 7243 992-197<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="mailto:sebastian.bullinger@iosb.fraunhofer.de">sebastian.bullinger@iosb.fraunhofer.de</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:black"><a href="https://webmail.iosb.fraunhofer.de/owa/redir.aspx?C=GM65JhP8Gk6mqlokIktWtqcWz_hm-dIIiaYxp7LDE5w39h4r54rwzTEQR1dXSKQtdNkO601Flpk.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.iosb.fraunhofer.de%2f" target="_blank">www.iosb.fraunhofer.de</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre><span style="color:black">_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">gdal-dev mailing list<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black"><a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black"><a href="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/gdal-dev">https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/gdal-dev</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre><span style="color:black">-- <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black"><a href="http://www.spatialys.com">http://www.spatialys.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:black">My software is free, but my time generally not.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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