<div dir="ltr"><div>Hi all,</div><div><br></div><div>I'm trying to understand what is the transformation used by default by GDAL/OGR.</div><div><br></div><div>For instance, the transformation from EPSG:20790 to EPSG:3763 has two candidates on PROJ:</div><div><br></div><div>C:\OSGeo4W>projinfo -s EPSG:20790 -t EPSG:3763<br>Candidate operations found: 2<br>-------------------------------------<br>Operation No. 1:<br><br>unknown id, Inverse of Portuguese National Grid + Lisbon (Lisbon) to Lisbon (1) + Lisbon to ETRS89 (4) + Portugual TM06, 0.1 m, Portugal - mainland - onshore.<br><br>PROJ string:<br>+proj=pipeline<br>  +step +inv +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.6666666666667 +lon_0=1 +k=1 +x_0=200000<br>        +y_0=300000 +ellps=intl +pm=lisbon<br>  +step +proj=hgridshift +grids=pt_dgt_DLx_ETRS89_geo.tif<br>  +step +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.6682583333333 +lon_0=-8.13310833333333 +k=1 +x_0=0<br>        +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80<br><br>WKT2:2019 string:<br>CONCATENATEDOPERATION["Inverse of Portuguese National Grid + Lisbon (Lisbon) to Lisbon (1) + Lisbon to ETRS89 (4) + Portugual TM06",<br>    SOURCECRS[<br>        PROJCRS["Lisbon (Lisbon) / Portuguese National Grid",<br>            BASEGEOGCRS["Lisbon (Lisbon)",<br>                DATUM["Lisbon 1937 (Lisbon)",<br>                    ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                        LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                PRIMEM["Lisbon",-9.13190611111111,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                ID["EPSG",4803]],<br>            CONVERSION["Portuguese National Grid",<br>                METHOD["Transverse Mercator",<br>                    ID["EPSG",9807]],<br>                PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6666666666667,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>                PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",1,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>                PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                    SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>                PARAMETER["False easting",200000,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>                PARAMETER["False northing",300000,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8807]]],<br>            CS[Cartesian,2],<br>                AXIS["easting (X)",east,<br>                    ORDER[1],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                AXIS["northing (Y)",north,<br>                    ORDER[2],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>            ID["EPSG",20790]]],<br>    TARGETCRS[<br>        PROJCRS["ETRS89 / Portugal TM06",<br>            BASEGEOGCRS["ETRS89",<br>                ENSEMBLE["European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 ensemble",<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1990"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1991"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1992"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1993"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1994"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014"],<br>                    ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,<br>                        LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                    ENSEMBLEACCURACY[0.1]],<br>                PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                ID["EPSG",4258]],<br>            CONVERSION["Portugual TM06",<br>                METHOD["Transverse Mercator",<br>                    ID["EPSG",9807]],<br>                PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6682583333333,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>                PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-8.13310833333333,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>                PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                    SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>                PARAMETER["False easting",0,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>                PARAMETER["False northing",0,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8807]]],<br>            CS[Cartesian,2],<br>                AXIS["easting (X)",east,<br>                    ORDER[1],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                AXIS["northing (Y)",north,<br>                    ORDER[2],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>            ID["EPSG",3763]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        CONVERSION["Inverse of Portuguese National Grid",<br>            METHOD["Inverse of Transverse Mercator",<br>                ID["INVERSE(EPSG)",9807]],<br>            PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6666666666667,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>            PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",1,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>            PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>            PARAMETER["False easting",200000,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>            PARAMETER["False northing",300000,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8807]],<br>            ID["INVERSE(EPSG)",19936]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        COORDINATEOPERATION["Lisbon (Lisbon) to Lisbon (1)",<br>            VERSION["IGC-Prt"],<br>            SOURCECRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["Lisbon (Lisbon)",<br>                    DATUM["Lisbon 1937 (Lisbon)",<br>                        ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Lisbon",-9.13190611111111,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4803]]],<br>            TARGETCRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["Lisbon",<br>                    DATUM["Lisbon 1937",<br>                        ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4207]]],<br>            METHOD["Longitude rotation",<br>                ID["EPSG",9601]],<br>            PARAMETER["Longitude offset",-9.13190611111111,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8602]],<br>            OPERATIONACCURACY[0.0],<br>            ID["EPSG",1756]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        COORDINATEOPERATION["Lisbon to ETRS89 (4)",<br>            SOURCECRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["Lisbon",<br>                    DATUM["Lisbon 1937",<br>                        ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4207]]],<br>            TARGETCRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["ETRS89",<br>                    ENSEMBLE["European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 ensemble",<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1990"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1991"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1992"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1993"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1994"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014"],<br>                        ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                        ENSEMBLEACCURACY[0.1]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4258]]],<br>            METHOD["HORIZONTAL_SHIFT_GTIFF"],<br>            PARAMETERFILE["Latitude and longitude difference file","pt_dgt_DLx_ETRS89_geo.tif"],<br>            OPERATIONACCURACY[0.1],<br>            ID["DERIVED_FROM(EPSG)",6188],<br>            REMARK["Derived from 1129 common stations in the national geodetic network. Residuals at 130 further test points average 0.09m, maximum 0.30m."]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        CONVERSION["Portugual TM06",<br>            METHOD["Transverse Mercator",<br>                ID["EPSG",9807]],<br>            PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6682583333333,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>            PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-8.13310833333333,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>            PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>            PARAMETER["False easting",0,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>            PARAMETER["False northing",0,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8807]],<br>            ID["EPSG",19853]]],<br>    USAGE[<br>        SCOPE["unknown"],<br>        AREA["Portugal - mainland - onshore."],<br>        BBOX[36.95,-9.56,42.16,-6.19]]]<br><br>-------------------------------------<br>Operation No. 2:<br><br>unknown id, Inverse of Portuguese National Grid + Lisbon (Lisbon) to Lisbon (1) + Lisbon to ETRS89 (3) + Portugual TM06, 2.5 m, Portugal - mainland - onshore.<br><br>PROJ string:<br>+proj=pipeline<br>  +step +inv +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.6666666666667 +lon_0=1 +k=1 +x_0=200000<br>        +y_0=300000 +ellps=intl +pm=lisbon<br>  +step +proj=push +v_3<br>  +step +proj=cart +ellps=intl<br>  +step +proj=helmert +x=-303.861 +y=-60.693 +z=103.607<br>  +step +inv +proj=cart +ellps=GRS80<br>  +step +proj=pop +v_3<br>  +step +proj=tmerc +lat_0=39.6682583333333 +lon_0=-8.13310833333333 +k=1 +x_0=0<br>        +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80<br><br>WKT2:2019 string:<br>CONCATENATEDOPERATION["Inverse of Portuguese National Grid + Lisbon (Lisbon) to Lisbon (1) + Lisbon to ETRS89 (3) + Portugual TM06",<br>    SOURCECRS[<br>        PROJCRS["Lisbon (Lisbon) / Portuguese National Grid",<br>            BASEGEOGCRS["Lisbon (Lisbon)",<br>                DATUM["Lisbon 1937 (Lisbon)",<br>                    ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                        LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                PRIMEM["Lisbon",-9.13190611111111,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                ID["EPSG",4803]],<br>            CONVERSION["Portuguese National Grid",<br>                METHOD["Transverse Mercator",<br>                    ID["EPSG",9807]],<br>                PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6666666666667,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>                PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",1,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>                PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                    SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>                PARAMETER["False easting",200000,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>                PARAMETER["False northing",300000,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8807]]],<br>            CS[Cartesian,2],<br>                AXIS["easting (X)",east,<br>                    ORDER[1],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                AXIS["northing (Y)",north,<br>                    ORDER[2],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>            ID["EPSG",20790]]],<br>    TARGETCRS[<br>        PROJCRS["ETRS89 / Portugal TM06",<br>            BASEGEOGCRS["ETRS89",<br>                ENSEMBLE["European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 ensemble",<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1990"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1991"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1992"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1993"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1994"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005"],<br>                    MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014"],<br>                    ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,<br>                        LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                    ENSEMBLEACCURACY[0.1]],<br>                PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                ID["EPSG",4258]],<br>            CONVERSION["Portugual TM06",<br>                METHOD["Transverse Mercator",<br>                    ID["EPSG",9807]],<br>                PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6682583333333,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>                PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-8.13310833333333,<br>                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>                PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                    SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>                PARAMETER["False easting",0,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>                PARAMETER["False northing",0,<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                    ID["EPSG",8807]]],<br>            CS[Cartesian,2],<br>                AXIS["easting (X)",east,<br>                    ORDER[1],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                AXIS["northing (Y)",north,<br>                    ORDER[2],<br>                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>            ID["EPSG",3763]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        CONVERSION["Inverse of Portuguese National Grid",<br>            METHOD["Inverse of Transverse Mercator",<br>                ID["INVERSE(EPSG)",9807]],<br>            PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6666666666667,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>            PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",1,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>            PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>            PARAMETER["False easting",200000,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>            PARAMETER["False northing",300000,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8807]],<br>            ID["INVERSE(EPSG)",19936]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        COORDINATEOPERATION["Lisbon (Lisbon) to Lisbon (1)",<br>            VERSION["IGC-Prt"],<br>            SOURCECRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["Lisbon (Lisbon)",<br>                    DATUM["Lisbon 1937 (Lisbon)",<br>                        ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Lisbon",-9.13190611111111,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4803]]],<br>            TARGETCRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["Lisbon",<br>                    DATUM["Lisbon 1937",<br>                        ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4207]]],<br>            METHOD["Longitude rotation",<br>                ID["EPSG",9601]],<br>            PARAMETER["Longitude offset",-9.13190611111111,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8602]],<br>            OPERATIONACCURACY[0.0],<br>            ID["EPSG",1756]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        COORDINATEOPERATION["Lisbon to ETRS89 (3)",<br>            VERSION["CGC-Prt 2009 7m"],<br>            SOURCECRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["Lisbon",<br>                    DATUM["Lisbon 1937",<br>                        ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4207]]],<br>            TARGETCRS[<br>                GEOGCRS["ETRS89",<br>                    ENSEMBLE["European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 ensemble",<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1990"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1991"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1992"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1993"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1994"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1996"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1997"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2005"],<br>                        MEMBER["European Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014"],<br>                        ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,<br>                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],<br>                        ENSEMBLEACCURACY[0.1]],<br>                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,<br>                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,<br>                            ORDER[1],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,<br>                            ORDER[2],<br>                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],<br>                    ID["EPSG",4258]]],<br>            METHOD["Geocentric translations (geog2D domain)",<br>                ID["EPSG",9603]],<br>            PARAMETER["X-axis translation",-303.861,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8605]],<br>            PARAMETER["Y-axis translation",-60.693,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8606]],<br>            PARAMETER["Z-axis translation",103.607,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8607]],<br>            OPERATIONACCURACY[2.5],<br>            ID["EPSG",5038],<br>            REMARK["Derived in July 2009 from 119 common stations. Average residual at 833 test points 2.5m, maximum 7m. Info source also gives a Position Vector tfm which is of similar accuracy. Replaces Lisbon to ETRS89 (2) (tfm code 1997)."]]],<br>    STEP[<br>        CONVERSION["Portugual TM06",<br>            METHOD["Transverse Mercator",<br>                ID["EPSG",9807]],<br>            PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",39.6682583333333,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8801]],<br>            PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-8.13310833333333,<br>                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],<br>                ID["EPSG",8802]],<br>            PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,<br>                SCALEUNIT["unity",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8805]],<br>            PARAMETER["False easting",0,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8806]],<br>            PARAMETER["False northing",0,<br>                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],<br>                ID["EPSG",8807]],<br>            ID["EPSG",19853]]],<br>    USAGE[<br>        SCOPE["unknown"],<br>        AREA["Portugal - mainland - onshore."],<br>        BBOX[36.95,-9.56,42.16,-6.19]]]</div><div><br></div><div>Operation no. 1 uses grids and has 
an accuracy of about 0.1 meters, compared to operation no. 2 that uses a
Molodensky

transformation and has an accuracy of




2.5 m. <br></div><div><br></div><div>So, in theory, operation 
no. 1 should be used by default.</div><div><br></div><div>However, testing with gdaltransform:</div><div><br></div><div>C:\OSGeo4W>gdaltransform -s_srs EPSG:20790 -t_srs EPSG:3763<br>Enter X Y [Z [T]] values separated by space, and press Return.<br>286415 431434<br><b>86412.5265012686 131433.856093867 0</b></div><div><br></div><div>Using the grids on QGIS and on a web application of the institution that has produced the NTv2 grids used on PROJ, the transformation output is</div><div><b>86412.426 131434.171</b></div><div><br></div><div>The difference is not huge, but this makes me believe that operations like gdalwarp or ogr2ogr do not use the 
operation 
no. 1 by default. Am I right? Could this be a bug? Or is there a way to force the operation used? How is the decision managed by GDAL/OGR?</div><div><br></div><div>Thank you very much!</div><div><br></div><div>Best regards,</div><div>Pedro Venâncio<br></div></div>