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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I asked a few questions and hoped we could solve your problem with one mail if you answered them all but probably we need more. Here is an example about the info I would like to see.
You can obtain it with gdalinfo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">gdalinfo test.tif<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Size is 12000, 12000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">…<br>
Pixel Size = (0.500000000000000,-0.500000000000000)<br>
…<br>
COMPRESSION=YCbCr JPEG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Band 1 Block=256x256 Type=Byte, ColorInterp=Red<br>
<br>
The -ps stands for pixel size <a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_merge.html#cmdoption-gdal_merge-ps">
https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_merge.html#cmdoption-gdal_merge-ps</a>. Thus, how many meters or degrees one pixel is wide/high. Gdal_merge does not have an option for defining the size of the output image in pixels. See my example about half-a-metre pixels
above, that is the information that you need. Do not pay attention to negative Y size, use positive number for both directions with gdal_merge. Do not get surprised by the small number that you will probably see, I guess your image in in EPSG:4326 and the
units are degrees.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Compression options are format specific, for GeoTIFF read
<a href="https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/gtiff.html">https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/gtiff.html</a>. With gdal_merge read
<a href="https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_merge.html#cmdoption-gdal_merge-co">https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_merge.html#cmdoption-gdal_merge-co</a> and add for example “-co COMPRESS=LZW -co TILED=YES” into the command.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">-Jukka Rahkonen-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Lähettäjä:</b> Clive Swan <cliveswan@gmail.com> <br>
<b>Lähetetty:</b> maanantai 5. joulukuuta 2022 15.32<br>
<b>Vastaanottaja:</b> Rahkonen Jukka <jukka.rahkonen@maanmittauslaitos.fi><br>
<b>Kopio:</b> gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org<br>
<b>Aihe:</b> Re: [gdal-dev] gdal_merge<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:13.5pt">Greetings,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt"> I tried </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt">-ps 3600 7200 </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt"> -ps 3600,7200</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt">-ps x=3600 y=7200 </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Just get errors, I don't see any option to select LZW or any compression??<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif">Extent<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">-180.0000000000000000,-90.0000000000000000 : 180.0000000000000000,90.0000000000000000</span><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
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<td width="112" valign="top" style="width:84.05pt;padding:.75pt 11.25pt .75pt 15.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">Width</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">7200</span><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
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<td width="112" valign="top" style="width:84.05pt;padding:.75pt 11.25pt .75pt 15.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">Height</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">3600</span><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<td width="112" valign="top" style="width:84.05pt;padding:.75pt 11.25pt .75pt 15.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">Data type</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">Float32 - Thirty two bit floating point</span><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">Compression</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;color:black">LZW</span><span style="font-family:"Lato",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Mon, 5 Dec 2022 at 12:32, Rahkonen Jukka <<a href="mailto:jukka.rahkonen@maanmittauslaitos.fi">jukka.rahkonen@maanmittauslaitos.fi</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Hi,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">Let’s try to get all missing information with one mail.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1">
<span lang="EN-US">You have two images: <br>
3_data_ready_for_spectra/coastal-undefended-rcp26-2020.tif and</span><o:p></o:p></li></ul>
<p class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph"><span lang="EN-US">5_UK_prod_rasters/coastal-undefended-rcp26-2020.tif.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph"><span lang="EN-US">Is that right? And the first one covers the world but the second one only UK, right?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US">What are the pixel sizes and image sizes (in pixels, width x hight) of the source images?</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US">Are they compressed? With what method?</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US">What are the block sizes (out of curiosity, not essential knowledge)?</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US">Have you considered to create a tiled and compressed output? (you should)</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="m6342420496924163511msolistparagraph" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2">
<span lang="EN-US">Have you considered to use gdalwarp instead? (I would)</span><o:p></o:p></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">With the gdalwarp option you could update the world image with the UK contents with “gdalwarp uk_image.tif world_image.tif”. However, your images are in AWS and
the same recipes that work for local images may not work so well in the cloud. Unfortunately that is something that I have no experience yet.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">The logic in “The input files are 6.9 GB + 672 MB The output should be 7.xx GB” is wrong. If you update part of the pixels of the 6.9 GB file then the output
should be about 6.9 GB. But if you convert a 6.9 GB compressed image into an uncompressed image, as I guess that you are doing, the output will be much bigger. How big it will be can be calculated with a formula that numpy showed (width x height) x (bytes/pixel).
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US">-Jukka Rahkonen-</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<div style="border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;border-color:currentcolor currentcolor">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b>Lähettäjä:</b> Clive Swan <<a href="mailto:cliveswan@gmail.com" target="_blank">cliveswan@gmail.com</a>>
<br>
<b>Lähetetty:</b> maanantai 5. joulukuuta 2022 13.47<br>
<b>Vastaanottaja:</b> Rahkonen Jukka <<a href="mailto:jukka.rahkonen@maanmittauslaitos.fi" target="_blank">jukka.rahkonen@maanmittauslaitos.fi</a>>;
<a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a><br>
<b>Aihe:</b> Re: [gdal-dev] gdal_merge<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Hi,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">The raster <span style="color:black;background:white">one </span>is the world, the second is the UK.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">The UK fits within the first raster...<o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:#212121">We want to update UK data in raster one.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:#212121"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:#212121">Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:#212121"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;background:white">
<span style="color:#212121">Clive</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<div id="m_6342420496924163511ms-outlook-mobile-signature">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Get
<a href="https://eur06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Faka.ms%2FAAb9ysg&data=05%7C01%7Cjukka.rahkonen%40maanmittauslaitos.fi%7Ca53f6e33f709481cefa008dad6c51040%7Cc4f8a63255804a1c92371d5a571b71fa%7C0%7C0%7C638058439123548735%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=NbhnxmobPMAi%2F%2FrcmPjSwtbKHyRqxAriD5MNJe4CSXA%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
Outlook for Android</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> Rahkonen Jukka <<a href="mailto:jukka.rahkonen@maanmittauslaitos.fi" target="_blank">jukka.rahkonen@maanmittauslaitos.fi</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, December 5, 2022 11:34:53 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Clive Swan <<a href="mailto:cliveswan@gmail.com" target="_blank">cliveswan@gmail.com</a>>;
<a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a> <<a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [gdal-dev] gdal_merge</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal">Hi,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US">Maybe your rasters are far apart. Gdal_merge creates a raster with so large extent that all the source images fit within it. Even empty pixels take space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US">-Jukka Rahkonen-</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;border-color:currentcolor currentcolor">
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><b>Lähettäjä:</b> gdal-dev <<a href="mailto:gdal-dev-bounces@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev-bounces@lists.osgeo.org</a>>
<b>Puolesta </b>Clive Swan<br>
<b>Lähetetty:</b> maanantai 5. joulukuuta 2022 12.24<br>
<b>Vastaanottaja:</b> <a href="mailto:gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org" target="_blank">gdal-dev@lists.osgeo.org</a><br>
<b>Aihe:</b> [gdal-dev] gdal_merge<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal">Hi Even,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal">Thanks <br>
the –configuration sorted out that issue.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">CPL_VSIL_USE_TEMP_FILE_FOR_RANDOM_WRITE is a configuration option /
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">environment variable, so you have to pass it with --config
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"">CPL_VSIL_USE_TEMP_FILE_FOR_RANDOM_WRITE YES</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><br>
<br>
Now I am getting a memory issue?? << The input files are 6.9 GB + 672 MB<br>
The output should be 7.xx GB<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xgmail-p1" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:21.7pt">
<span class="m6342420496924163511xgmail-s1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Menlo",serif;color:purple">6.9 GB + 672MB</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xgmail-p1" style="mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:21.7pt">
<span class="m6342420496924163511xgmail-s1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Menlo",serif;color:purple">numpy.core._exceptions._ArrayMemoryError: Unable to allocate 377. GiB for an array with shape (225000, 450000) and data type float32</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Any suggestions appreciated<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal">Kind regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal">Clive<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="m6342420496924163511xmsonormal"><br clear="all">
<br>
-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt"> Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Clive Swan</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">--</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><br clear="all">
<br>
-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt"> Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Clive Swan</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">--</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:gray">M: +44 7766 452665</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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