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    <p>Mikael,</p>
    <p>to my surprise, the HFA format is actually published at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://hexagongeospatial.fluidtopics.net/r/fH0o7KrMKUViXGUeoilQuA/5DlRUpslzb6NK6uTz98KSg">https://hexagongeospatial.fluidtopics.net/r/fH0o7KrMKUViXGUeoilQuA/5DlRUpslzb6NK6uTz98KSg</a>
      . Not sure if it is "new" or had already been available. From a
      quick look, it doesn't mention anything about string encoding.</p>
    <p>My intuition would be that the encoding would be whatever the one
      of the machine generated the file was, but perhaps that's a fixed
      one. You could potentially try to ask Hexagon support about that.</p>
    <p>GDAL itself makes not that many assumptions about the encoding,
      although it tries to expose as UTF-8 as much as possible (and
      recode to UTF-8 when it knows the source encoding), otherwise it
      will present strings as they are, hoping for the best. But
      language bindings might make stronger assumptions and indeed
      misbehave when UTF-8 is not encountered</p>
    <p>Even<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 26/06/2023 à 11:43, Mikael Rittri a
      écrit :<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:HE1PR03MB30847A1B4CDE96919FFAC9409F26A@HE1PR03MB3084.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com">
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB">Hello list.
            <br>
            <br>
            I have encountered a Filename.tif with an associated
            metadata file, Filename.aux. The .aux file can be understood
            by gdalinfo, which says<br>
            <br>
          </span><span style="font-family:"Courier New""
            lang="EN-GB">Driver: HFA/Erdas Imagine Images (.img)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Courier
            New"" lang="EN-GB">Files: Filename.aux<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Courier
            New"" lang="EN-GB">       Filename.rrd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Courier
            New"" lang="EN-GB">       Filename.rde
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="en-SE"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB">As I understand it, the
            .aux file is on an Erdas Imagine format intended to describe
            metadata for the Erdas .img format, but it can also be used
            to describe metadata for .tif files as in my case. (I have
            the Filename.rrd and the Filename.rde but not any
            Filename.img, so it is somewhat strange but useful that GDAL
            can read the .aux file directly).
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB">Anyway, my question is:
            when the Filename.aux contains strings, in my case
            descriptions of terrain types represented by integers (part
            of a Raster Attribute Table), is there an established way to
            figure out whether the strings are stored in UTF-8, or if
            not, what codepage is used? In my case, the strings seem to
            be stored as 8-bit ASCII using the codepage 1252 (mainly for
            West-European alphabets), but GDAL seems to expect UTF-8 so
            the Swedish characters with diacritics become garbled. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="EN-GB">I realize that if the .aux
            format is proprietary and has just been reverse-engineered,
            then maybe no-one knows the answer to this. But I am curious
            if anyone has had similar problems and maybe figured out a
            workaround. Or if there are any grounds to say that UTF-8 is
            mandatory in the .aux format, then my example file would be
            incorrect and that would also be useful to know.
            <br>
            <br>
            Best regards, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Segoe
            UI",sans-serif" lang="en-SE"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
            style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI
Semibold",sans-serif;color:#D18765;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-US">Mikael Rittri</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#D18765;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
            style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI
Semibold",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-US">Carmenta Geospatial Technologies<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
            style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI
Semibold",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-US">Sweden</span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
            style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Segoe
UI",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-GB">carmenta.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span
            style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Segoe
UI",sans-serif;color:black;mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="mso-ligatures:none;mso-fareast-language:#2000"
            lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="en-SE"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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      <br>
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.spatialys.com">http://www.spatialys.com</a>
My software is free, but my time generally not.</pre>
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