[..] Markus Metz wrote: > # prepare a weights file with the contents > 0 1 0 > 1 0 1 > 0 1 0 > r.neighbors in=raster_in out=raster_cardinalsum weight=weights method=sum > r.mapcalc "RASTER_OUT = round(abs(4 * RASTER_IN - raster_cardinalsum))" ...easy, it is, to build a filter in GRASS :D Thanks Markus, N