[GRASSweb-list]markus: web/intro capabilities.html,NONE,1.1 related_projects.html,NONE,1.1 menu_side.inc,NONE,1.1 firsttime.php,NONE,1.1 general.inc,NONE,1.1 title.inc,NONE,1.1 modelintegration.html,NONE,1.1 index.php,NONE,1.1 firsttime.inc,NONE,1.1 links.
grass at intevation.de
grass at intevation.de
Sun Dec 19 11:41:42 EST 2004
Author: markus
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<title>GRASS 5.0 capabilities</title>
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<h1>
<DEFANGED_IMG SRC="images/grass.smlogo.gif" alt="HOME" ALT="grasslogo" align=CENTER>
GRASS 5.0 - Capabilities page</h1>
GRASS GIS is a fully featured
Geographic Information System. It supports
<b>raster, topological vector,
point data and <a href="grid3d/index.html">3D raster voxel</a> analysis</b>.
<p>GRASS accepts a variety
of raster and some vector dataformats - most of the raster formats are
equal to standard image formats (8/24 bit as well as negative values).
Check the <a href="general.html">introduction</a>
or the <a href="gdp/index.html">documentation</a>
for details. The following table gives an overview of the features integrated
in GRASS GIS.
<h2>
<i>What are the main capabilities
of GRASS 5?</i></h2>
Read <a href="grass5/source/NEWS.html">here</a>
about current improvements and <a href="grass5/index.html">see
the GRASS 5 page</a>. See also <a href="http://freegis.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/~checkout~/grass/ONGOING">ongoing
projects</a>.
<h2>
<i></i></h2>
<h2>
<i>What are the main capabilities
of GRASS 5?</i></h2>
<table BORDER >
<tr ALIGN=CENTER rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=CENTER><b>Main topic</b></td>
<td ALIGN=CENTER><b>Modules</b></td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Raster analysis</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Automatic rasterline and area
to vector conversion</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Buffering of line structures</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Cell and profile dataquery</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Colortable modifications</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Conversion to vector and point
data format</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Correlation / covariance analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Expert system analysis </td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Map algebra (map calculator)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Interpolation for missing values</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Neighbourhood matrix analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Raster overlay with or without
weight</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Reclassification of cell labels</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Resampling (resolution)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Rescaling of cell values</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Statistical cell analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Surface generation from vector
lines</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b>3D-Raster (voxel) analysis</b></td>
<td>3D data import (intuitive ASCII: x y z
Format)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>3D masks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>3D map algebra (r3.mapcalc)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>3D interpolation (IDW, Regularised Splines
with Tension)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>3D Visualization (isosurfaces)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Interface to Vis5D visualization tool</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Vector analysis</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Contour generation from raster
surfaces (IDW, Spline algorithm)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Conversion to raster and point
data format</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Digitizing with board or on
screen (scanned raster image) with mouse</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Reclassification of vector
labels</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Superpositioning of vector
layers</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Point data analysis</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Delaunay triangulation</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Surface interpolation from
spot heights</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Thiessen polygons</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Topographic analysis (curvature,
slope, aspect)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Image processing</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Canonical component analysis
(CCA)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Color composite generation</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Edge detection</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Frequency filtering (Fourier,
convolution matrices)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Fourier and inverse fourier
transformation</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Histogram stretching</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>IHS transformation to RGB</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Image rectification (affine
and polynomial transformations on raster and vector targets)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Ortho photo rectification</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Principal component analysis
(PCA)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Radiometric corrections (Fourier)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Resampling</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Resolution enhancement (with
RGB/IHS)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>RGB to IHS transformation</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Texture oriented classification
(sequential maximum a posteriori classification)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Shape detection</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Supervised classification (training
areas, maximum likelihood classification)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Unsupervised classification
(minimum distance clustering, maximum likelihood classification)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>DTM-Analysis</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Contour generation</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Cost / path analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Slope / aspect analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Surface generation from spot
heigths or contours</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Visualization</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>3D surfaces with 3D query (<a href="nviz/index.html">NVIZ</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Color assignments</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Histogram presentation</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Map overlay</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Point data maps</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Raster maps</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Vector maps</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Zoom / unzoom -function</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Map creation</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>PPM-image maps</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Postscript maps</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>HTML maps</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>SQL-support</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Database interfaces (<a
href="http://www.unixodbc.org">ODBC</a>,
<a href="http://www.postgresql.org">PostgreSQL</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Other modules</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Erosion modelling (AGNPS 5,
ANSWERS, TOPMODEL)</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Landscape structure analysis</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Solution transport</td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Watershed analysis </td>
</tr>
<tr ALIGN=LEFT rowspan="1">
<td ALIGN=LEFT><b>Geostatistics</b></td>
<td ALIGN=LEFT>Interface to <a href=statsgrass/index.html>"R" (GNU S)</a> (a statistical analysis environment)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Here is a detailed page
about the <a href="modelintegration.html">integration
of simulation models</a>.
<br>Click <a href="grass421/bin_list_of_modules.html">here</a>
for a list of the modules included in the GRASS Linux binary package (the
source code offers some more modules).
<!-- FOOTER -->
<hr>
<DIV ALIGN=right>© 1999-2002 GRASS Development Team<br>
<a href="mailto:weblist at grass.itc.it">Comments</a> about this page | <a href="faq/index.html">FAQ</a> | <a href="download.html">Download</a> | <a href="support.html">Support</a> | <a href="gdp/index.html">Docs</a> | <a href="grassdevel.html">Programming</a> | Back <a href=index.html>HOME</a><br>
<i>Last change:
$Date: 2004/12/19 16:41:40 $
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<title>GRASS GIS related Projects</title>
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<DEFANGED_IMG src="images/grass.smlogo.gif" alt="HOME" border="0" align=middle></A>
</td><td><H1>
GRASS GIS related Projects
</H1></td></tr></table>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
This link collections lists ongoing projects which are related to GRASS GIS
development and usage:
<h2>Libraries</h2>
<ul>
<li>GRASS:
<ul>
<li><a href=http://home.gdal.org/projects/grass/>libgrass</a>: Standalone GRASS
5 I/O Library to directly read/write GRASS Databases.
<br>The latest libgrass source is also available by anonymous CVS:
<pre> export CVSROOT=:pserver:grass-guest at intevation.de:/home/grass/grassrepository
cvs login
Password: grass
cvs checkout libgrass
The CVS tree can also be browsed on the <a href=http://freegis.org/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/~checkout~/libgrass/>web</a>.</pre>
Compiling libgrass against GDAL allows to read GRASS 5 raster data
through GDAL (<a href=http://www.remotesensing.org/gdal/frmt_grass.html>see instructions</a>). Example usage: MapServer is able to read GRASS locations
directly.<br>
Visit the <a href=http://grass.itc.it/start.html>GRASS/MapServer Demo
site</a>!
<li><a href=http://mpa.itc.it/radim/grass++/index.html>GRASS++</a>
GRASS++ is experimental C++ open source library, which may be used in C++
programs, to access GRASS data.
</ul>
<li><a href=http://www.remotesensing.org/proj/>PROJ 4</a>: Projection/datum support
library. It also provides the 'cs2cs' software which reprojects x,y [,z]
coordinate lists including datum transformation.
<li><a href=http://www.remotesensing.org/gdal/>GDAL</a>: Geospatial Data
Abstraction Library (raster)
<li><a href=http://www.remotesensing.org/gdal/ogr/>OGR</a>: OGR Simple Features Library
(vector)
<li><a href=http://pweb.jps.net/~egm2/grass/xml/>GRASS XML pages</a> for
<a href=http://www.w3.org/XML/>XML</a> (Extensible Markup Language) support
</ul>
<a name="other"></a>
<h2>Other projects</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href=http://www.freegis.org>FreeGIS</a>: Link collection of
Free Software for geographic information processing and
data sources with similiar freedoms.
<li><a href="http://thuban.intevation.org/">Thuban</a>:
Stable crossplatform interactive geographic data viewer.
Supports raster (via Gdal), vector and PostGIS data.
Extensible, can do projections (via proj),
manage and query attribute tables.
<li><a href="http://qgis.sourceforge.net/">QGIS data Viewer</a>:
Supports raster, vector and PostGIS data, GRASS 5.7 support is under development
<li>Vector:
<ul>
<li><a href="http://skencil.org/">Skencil</a> Free Software
drawing tool which also can read xfig format.
There is an add-on to read shape files.
The upcoming 0.7 will directly read Skencil-map-SVG files created by Thuban.
<li><a href=http://www.xfig.org>Xfig</a>: a nice Free Software (map) drawing tool.
GRASS offers v.out.xfig to export vector data in xfig format. Raster data
can be imported as TIFF.
<li><a href=http://lx-viewer.sourceforge.net/>LX-Viewer</a> (GPL, LX-Viewer
is a program that will allow you to open, view and print DWG or DXF files. Note that LX-Viewer depends on a non-free library.)
</ul>
<li>Webmapping: <a href=http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/>UMN MapServer</a>
<li>Image processing: <a href=http://www.ossim.org/>OSSIM</a>: Open Source Software Image Map project
<li>Viewer: <a href=http://openev.sourceforge.net/>OpenEV</a>: OpenEV is a
library, and reference application for viewing and analysing raster
and vector geospatial data.
<li>Viewer: <a href=http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/~billh/vis5d.html>Vis5D Visualization</a>
- See <a href=http://vis5d.sourceforge.net/>Vis5D+ page</a> as well
<li><a href=http://www.postgresql.org/>PostgreSQL</a> DBMS - <a
href=http://postgis.refractions.net>PostGIS</a>
<li>(outdated) <a href=oldprojects/ltplus/>LTPlus (Line Trace Plus)</a> (Line
digitizer program) - see as well <a
href=http://www.ltplus.org>ltplus.org</a> (Note: The status of its license
might still need clarification.)
</ul>
<!-- FOOTER -->
<hr>
<DIV ALIGN=right>© 2001-2003 GRASS Development Team<br>
<a href="mailto:weblist at grass.itc.it">Comments</a> about this page | <a href="faq/index.html">FAQ</a> | <a href="download.html">Download</a> | <a href="support.html">Support</a> | <a href="gdp/index.html">Docs</a> | <a href="grassdevel.html">Programming</a> | Back <a href=index.html>HOME</a><br>
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Analysis Support System) is an open source, free software
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<a href="#general">General Information</a> |
<a href="#features">Features</a> |
<a href="#programming">GRASS Programming</a> |
<a href="#platforms">Supported Platforms</a> |
<a href="#formats">Import/Export</a> |
<a href="#management">Data Management capabilities</a>
<p><a NAME="general"></a>
<h3>General Information</h3>
Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as GRASS
GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for data management,
image processing, graphics production, spatial modelling, and visualization
of many types of data. It is Free (Libre) Software/Open Source released
under GNU General Public License (GPL).
<br>Originally developed by the <a href="http://www.cecer.army.mil/">U.S.
Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories</a> (USA-CERL,
1982-1995), a branch of the US Army Corp of Engineers, as a tool for land
management and environmental planning by the military, GRASS has evolved
into a powerful utility with a wide range of applications in many different
areas of scientific research. GRASS is currently used in academic and
commercial settings around the world, as well as many governmental agencies
including NASA, NOAA, USDA, DLR, CSIRO, the National Park Service, the U.S.
Census Bureau, USGS, and many environmental consulting companies.
<br>The <a href="../devel/index.php">GRASS Development Team</a> has grown into
a multi-national team consisting of developers at numerous locations.
<p>
[see also: <a href="../gdp/tutorial/grass_info_deu.html"><DEFANGED_IMG src=../images/dflagge.gif></a>]
[<a href="http://freshmeat.net/projects/grass/?highlight=GRASS">Freshmeat.net</a> entry]
<a NAME="features"></a>
<h3>GRASS Features</h3>
GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a raster/vector GIS,
image processing system, and graphics production system. GRASS contains over
350 programs and tools to render maps and images on monitor and paper;
manipulate raster, vector, and sites data; process multi spectral image
data; and create, manage, and store spatial data. GRASS uses both an
intuitive windows interface as well as command line syntax for ease of
operations. GRASS can interface with commercial printers, plotters,
digitizers, and databases to develop new data as well as manage existing
data.
<p><b>GRASS and network support for team</b><br>
GRASS supports work groups through it's
<a href=firsttime.html#location>LOCATION/MAPSET concept</a> which can be set
up on NFS (Network File System). Keeping LOCATIONs with their underlying
MAPSETs on a central server, a team can simultaniously work in the same
project database.
<p>
[see also: <a href="capabilities.php">GRASS capabilities</a>]
<a NAME="programming"></a>
<h3>GRASS Programming</h3>
GRASS is released under <a href="http://www.gnu.org">GNU GPL</a>, the
source code (more than 1 Mio lines of C) is completely available. GRASS
provides a sophisticated GIS library which can be used for own developments.
A <a href="devel/index.php#prog">GRASS Programmer's Manual</a> is available
for download.
<p>
[see also: <a href="../devel/index.php">GRASS Development</a>]
<a NAME="platforms"></a>
<h3>Supported platforms</h3>
<ul>
<li>Architectures: Intel x86, Motorola PPC, SGI MIPS, Sun SPARC, Alpha AXP, HP
PA-RISC, CRAY, others.</li>
<li>Operating systems: Linux/Intel, Linux/PowerPC,
Solaris/SPARC, Solaris/i86, SGI IRIX, HP UX, Mac OS X (Darwin), IBM AIX,
BSD-Unix variants, FreeBSD, CRAY Unicos, iPAQ/Linux handhelds and other UNIX compliant platforms
(32/64bit), additionally Windows NT/Cygnus.</li>
<li>GRASS is written in C with documented <a href="../devel/index.php">C-API</a>
and offers a preliminary C++ interface.</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="download.html">Source code</a> and selected
<a href="download.html">binaries</a> can be downloaded.
<a NAME="formats"></a>
<h3>Import/Export: Data formats supported by GRASS</h3>
<ul>
<li>2D raster data,</li>
<li>3D raster data (voxels),</li>
<li>topological vector data (2D, currently extended to 3D)</li>
<li>point data (called sites)</li>
</ul>
In detail:
<table BORDER=0 NOSAVE >
<tr VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE>
<td WIDTH="45%" NOSAVE>
<ul>
<li>
Raster: ASCII, ARC/GRID, E00, GIF, GMT, TIF,
PNG, ERDAS LAN, Vis5D, SURFER (.grd) ...</li>
<br>Using GDAL library (r.in.gdal) <a href="http://www.remotesensing.org/gdal/formats_list.html">more
formats</a> like CEOS (SAR, LANDSAT7 etc.) can be read</ul>
</td>
<td WIDTH="45%" NOSAVE>
<ul>
<li>
Image (satellite and air-photo): AVHRR, BIL/BSQ,
ERDAS LAN, HDF, LANDSAT TM/MSS, NHAP aerial photos, SAR, SPOT, ...</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE>
<td WIDTH="45%">
<ul>
<li>
Vector: ASCII, ARC/INFO ungenerate, ARC/INFO
E00, ArcView SHAPE (with topology correction), BIL, DLG (U.S.), DXF, DXF3D,
GMT, GPS-ASCII, USGS-DEM, IDRISI, MOSS, MapInfo MIF, TIGER, VRML, ...</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td WIDTH="45%" NOSAVE>
<ul>
<li>
Sites (point data lists): XYZ ASCII, dBase</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li>
List of <a href="../gdp/html_grass5/import.html">GRASS
import modules</a></li>
<li>
List of <a href="../gdp/html_grass5/export.html">GRASS
export modules</a></li>
</ul>
<a NAME="management"></a>
<h3>Data Management capabilities of GRASS</h3>
<table BORDER=0 NOSAVE >
<tr VALIGN=TOP NOSAVE>
<td WIDTH="45%" NOSAVE>
<ul>
<li>Spatial analysis</li>
<li>Map generation</li>
<li>Data visualization (2D, <a href="../nviz/index.html">2.5D</a>
and <a href="grid3d/index.html">3D</a>)</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td WIDTH="45%" NOSAVE>
<ul>
<li>
Data generation through modelling (list of
<a href="modelintegration.html">simulation models</a>)</li>
<li>
Link to DBMS (PostgreSQL, others via ODBC,
...)</li>
<li>
Data storage</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div align="right">
<i>Last change: $Date: 2004/12/19 16:41:40 $ </i><br>
<i>$Author: markus $</i>
</div>
--- NEW FILE: title.inc ---
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<h1>GRASS: Introduction</h1>
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<TITLE>GRASS GIS and Simulation Models </TITLE>
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GRASS GIS - Simulation Models</H1>
<p>
<i>Current Topics: erosion modelling, hydrological modelling, floodplain analysis,
wildfire spread</i>
<p>
<h3>Erosion modelling: ANSWERS - r.answers</h3>
<ul>
<li> The acronym for Areal Non-point Source Watershed Environmental Response
Simulation model. This event-oriented, distributed parameter model is
designed for erosion, sediment and water quality control planning on
complex, agricultural watersheds.
<li> It should normally be distributed in your GRASS-package. Note: ANSWERS is
written in C and FORTRAN, and will require a C compiler and a FORTRAN
compiler such as f77.
<li><a href="http://soils.ecn.purdue.edu/~aggrass/models/answers/">ANSWERS
page at Purdue</A>
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.answers.html">GRASS man page r.answers</A>
</ul>
<h3>Erosion modelling: AGNPS 5.0 </h3>
<ul>
<li> AGricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) is a distributed parameter model
developed by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists and engineers. It
predicts soil erosion and nutrient transport/loadings from agricultural
watersheds for real or hypothetical storms i.e., it's an event-based model.
Erosion modeling is built upon the USLE applied on a storm basis; thus, it uses
the EI-index for single storm events. Its hydrology is based on the Soil
Conservation Service Curve Number technique. AGNPS uses another ARS developed
model named CREAMS to predict nutrient/pesticide and soil particle size
generation and interaction. Here is a <A HREF=gdp/erosion/agnps/agnps.html> AGNPS Page</A>.
Some help about using AGNPS can be found <A HREF=http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu:80/~engelb/agen526/>here</A>.
Note: AGNPS 5.0 is written in C.
<p>
References:
<ul>
<li> GRASS man pages: <A HREF="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.agnps50.input.html">r.agnps50.input</A>,
<A HREF="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.agnps50.run.html">r.agnps50.run</A>, <A HREF="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.agnps50.view.html">r.agnps50.view</A>
<li> Bragadin, G.L., Franchini, M., Morgagni, A., Todini, E. (1993): Agricultural
non-point source nutrient loadings estimated by means of an extended version
of AGNPS. The Bidente-Ronco case study - Part I. INGEGNERIA AMBIIENTALE,
Vol.22, Nr.9, S. 455
<li> Mitchell, J.K., Engel, B.A., Srinivasan,R., Wang, S.S.Y. (1993): Validation of AGNPS
for Small Watersheds Using an Integrated AGNPS/GIS System. WATER RESOURCES
BULLETIN- AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Vol.29, Nr.5, S. 833
<li> Robert Alton Young, C.A. Onstad, D.D. Bosch, W.P. Anderson. (1989)
AGNPS: A nonpoint-source pollution model for evaluating agricultural
watersheds. Jour. of Soil and Water Conservation. v44, n2. ISSN 0022-4561
<li> Srinivasan, R. and B.A. Engel, (1991), A Knowledge Based Approach
to Extract Input Data From Gis, ASAE Paper No. 91-7045, American
Society of Agriculatural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan.
<li> Srinivasan, R. and B.A. Engel, (1991), GIS: A Tool For Visualization
and Analyzation, ASAE Paper No. 91-7574, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
<li> Srinivasan, R., Engel, B.A., Wright, J.R., Lee, J.G.(1994):
The Impact of GIS-derived Topographic Attributes on the Simulation of
Erosion Using AGNPS. APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE , Vol.10,
Nr.4, S. 561
</ul>
</ul>
<h3> Erosion modelling: KINEROS - r.kineros</h3>
<ul>
<li> KINEROS represents a watershed as a set of related elements.
Elements may be hillslopes, channels or ponds. A computational order
must be specified so that boundary conditions for an element, such as
the amount of water contributed by lateral hillslopes and upstream
tributaries, are available.
<p>(Smith et al., in press; Woolhiser et al., 1990).
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass4/html/r.kineros.html">GRASS man page r.kineros</A>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3>Rainfall-runoff modelling: TOPMODEL - r.topmodel</h3>
<ul>
<li> TOPMODEL is a rainfall-runoff model that bases its distributed
predictions on an analysis of catchment topography. The model predicts
saturation excess and infiltration excess surface runoff and subsurface
stormflow. Since the first article was published about the model in 1979
there have been many different versions. The idea has always
been that the model should be simple enough to be modified by the user so
that the predictions conform as far as possible to the user's perceptions
of how a catchment works. The distributed outputs from the model
help in such assessments.
<li><a href="http://www.es.lancs.ac.uk/hfdg/topmodel.html">TOPMODEL page at
Lancaster University</A>
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.topmodel.html">GRASS man page r.topmodel</A>
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.topidx.html">GRASS man page r.topidx</A>
<li><a href="http://www.es.lancs.ac.uk/hfdg/TOPMODEL/new-bibliog.html">TopModel Bibliography</A>
</ul>
<h3>Storm water runoff: r.water.fea</h3>
<ul>
<li> r.water.fea is an interactive program that allows the user to simulate
storm water runoff analysis using the finite element numerical technique.
Infiltration is calculated using the Green and Ampt formulation. r.water.fea
computes and draws hydrographs for every basin as well as at stream junctions
in an analysis area. It also draws animation maps at the basin level. The
software is available within GRASS 4.x/5.x.
<li><a href="http://www.coe.ou.edu/emgis/software/rwaterfea.htm">r.water.fea</A>
developed at University of Oklahoma by Dr. B.E. Vieux
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.water.fea.html">GRASS man page r.water.fea</A>
</ul>
<h3>Hydrologic modelling: r.hydro.CASC2D</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href=http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~ogden/casc2d/casc2d_home.html>CASC2D
page at University of Connecticut</a>
<li>r.hydro.CASC2D is a physically-based, distributed, raster
hydrologic model which simulates the hydrologic response of a watershed
subject to a given rainfall field. Input rainfall is allowed to vary in
space and time. Major components of the model include interception,
infiltration, and surface runoff routing. Interception is a process whereby
rainfall is retained by vegetation. Interception is estimated using an
empirical three parameter model. Infiltration is the process whereby
rainfall or surface water is pulled into the soil by capillary and
gravity forces. The Green and Ampt equation with four parameters is applied
to model the event-based infiltration. For continuous soil moisture
accounting, redistribution of soil moisture can also be simulated whenever
the non-intercepted rainfall intensity falls below the saturated hydraulic
conductivity of the soil. The redistribution option requires two more soil
hydraulic parameters. Excess rainfall becomes surface runoff and is routed
as overland flow and subsequently as channel flow. The overland flow routing
formulation is based on a two-dimensional explicit finite difference (FD)
technique, while two different FD techniques, one explicit and
one implicit, provide options for routing one-dimensional channel flow.
Through a step function, a depression depth may be specified, below which no
overland flow will be routed.
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.hydro.CASC2D.html">GRASS man page
r.hydro.CASC2D</A>
</ul>
<h3>SWAT hydrologic model</h3>
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is the hydrologic model
used in the SWAT/GRASS linkage (USDA/Arnold and others, 1995). SWAT
is a continuous-time, basin-scale hydrologic model capable of
complex long-term simulations including hydrology, pesticide and
nutrient cycling, and erosion and sediment transport. It is a river basin scale model
developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in
large, complex watersheds. SWAT is a public domain model actively
supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the
Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory in Temple, TX.
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.brc.tamus.edu/swat/">SWAT main page</a>
<li><a href="http://www3.baylor.edu/~Bruce_Byars/swatgrassman.html">Short SWAT-GRASS man page</a>
<li><a href="http://www.brc.tamus.edu/swatgrass/index.html">Full SWAT-GRASS man page with references</a>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3>Watershed Calculation: r.watershed</h3>
<ul>
<li> The series of programs provided within the watershed menu is
effective for the delineation and segmenting of channel net-
works, and for identifying a watershed boundary. Work is
continuing to increase the effectiveness of delineating sub-
basin boundaries as well.
<pre>
1. Filtering of elevation data
2. Locating pits
3. Calculating drainage accumulation/outlining watershed
4. Creating stream network
5. Coding stream segments/finding segment lengths
6. Finding subwatershed basins
</pre>
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.watershed.html">GRASS man page
r.watershed</A>
</ul>
<h3>Floodplain Analysis: f.input etc.</h3>
<ul>
<li>f.input reads the results of the HEC-2 Water Surface Profile model
and generates a vector map of water surface elevations at hydraulic
sections. The user supplies to f.input a vector map of the hydraulic
cross sections used in the HEC-2 model along with the HEC-2 model
results.
<li>f.econ takes as input the results of f.wsurf along with a
user-supplied vector map of building sites and two ASCII files of
economic data. As output f.econ generates a vector map of total
damage to each building in the floodplain along with a summary ASCII
report of flood damages categorized by building types (residential,
public, ...) and damage type (structure or content). f.econ also
reports areal extent of flooding.
<li> f.reach provides floodwater statistics, including areal extent of
flooding, average flood depth, and volume of water, calculated on a
reach-by-reach basis.
</ul>
<hr>
<h3>Landscape Analysis: r.le</h3>
<ul>
<li> Since the 1970s, with the availability of satellite data, there has
been an increasing interest in the structure of the earth on the scale of kilometers
or hundreds of kilometers.
Landscape ecology is a multi-disciplinary pursuit, involving geographers,
biologists, sociologists, remote sensors, and many others. The focus
of landscape ecology is on the dynamics and structure of the biosphere,
including human activities, on the scale of hundreds of meters to
kilometers (Risser et al. 1984; Forman and Godron 1986; Urban et al. 1987).
The science of landscape ecology expanded rapidly in the 1980s, and
methods for the quantitative analysis of landscape structure also were
developed (e.g. Mead et al. 1981; Gardner et al. 1987; Milne 1988;
Griffiths and Wooding 1988), yet there is no generally for the
quantitative analysis of landscape structure that will work within a
geographical information system (GIS).
The r.le programs have been designed to provide software for calculating
a variety of common quantitative measures of landscape structure. The
programs can be used to analyze the structure of nearly any landscape.
<p>
The r.le programs are designed for analyzing landscapes
composed of a mosaic of patches, but, more generally, these programs are
capable of analyzing any two-dimensional raster or array whose entries are
integer values. The r.le programs have options for controlling the shape,
size, number, and distribution of sampling areas used to
collect information about the landscape. Sampling area shapes can be
square, or rectangular with any length/width ratio or can be circular with
any radius. The size of sampling areas can be changed, so that the landscape
can be analyzed at a variety of spatial scales simultaneously.
Sampling areas may be distributed across the landscape in a random,
systematic, or stratified-random manner, or as a moving window. The r.le
programs can calculate a number of measures that produce single values as
output (e.g. mean patch size in the sampling area), as well as measures that
produce a distribution of values as output (e.g. frequency distribution of
patch sizes in the sampling area) (Table 1), and it is also possible to output tables of data about selected
attributes (e.g., size, shape, amount of perimeter) of individual patches, as
well as to make new maps of patch attributes. The programs include no
options for graphing or statistically analyzing the results of
the analyses. External software must be used.
</ul>
<li><a href="gdp/landscape/">Postscript documentation</A> (check also the
related manual pages)
<hr>
<h3>Wildfire spread simulation: r.ros/r.spread/r.spreadpath</h3>
<ul>
<li> This WIldfire SPread Simulation, WiSpS, package contains three GRASS
programs r.ros, r.spread and r.spreadpath
<li> r.ros (for wildfire spread simulation) - Generates three, or
four raster map layers showing 1) the base (perpendicular)
rate of spread (ROS), 2) the maximum (forward) ROS, 3) the
direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally 4) the maximum
potential spotting distance.
<li> r.spread - Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread on a
graphics window and generates a raster map of the cumulative
time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of
spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins. It
optionally produces raster maps to contain backlink UTM
coordinates for tracing spread paths.
<li> r.spreadpath - Recursively traces the least cost path
backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was
determined.
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.ros.html">GRASS man page
r.ros</A>
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.spread.html">GRASS man page
r.spread</A>
<li><a href="gdp/html_grass5/html/r.spreadpath.html">GRASS man page
r.spreadpath</A>
</ul>
<hr>
<ul>
<li><A HREF=http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~aggrass/models/> Model integration in GRASS</A> - Collection of Bernie Engel.
</ul>
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GRASS GIS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) is a
Geographical Information System (GIS) with raster, topological vector,
image processing, and graphics production functionality. If you like
to get a general idea about GRASS, please read this <a
href="general.php">short description</a>.
GRASS is released under GNU General Public License (GPL). If you are
not sure about the differences between public domain software, Free
Software and proprietary products, have a look at this
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.html">graph describing
Categories of Free and Non-Free Software</a>. Eventually you also
want to read: <a href="http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html">Why
Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS)?</a>. This article from
David A. Wheeler tells you why.
<h2>Some new users questions</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href=#systems>Under which platforms can I work with GRASS?</a>
<li><a href=#whattodo>What can I do with GRASS?</a>
<li><a href=#database>Does GRASS support SQL databases?</a>
<li><a href=#torungrass>What do I need to run GRASS GIS?</a>
<li><a href=#softgrass>Where can I download GRASS software?</a>
<li><a href=#importgrass>How can I get my data into GRASS?</a>
<li><a href=#docgrass>Where can I find documentation on GRASS?</a>
<li><a href=#location>What are LOCATIONs and MAPSETs?</a>
<li><a href=#tutograss>Are there GRASS tutorials and sample data?</a>
<li><a href=#progrgrass>I know GRASS already and want to program
within the GRASS environment</a>
<li><a href=#firstsession>I downloaded GRASS - but what now?</a>
</ul>
<a NAME="systems"></a>
<h3>Under which platforms can you work with GRASS</h3>
<p>
GRASS is developed in a UNIX environment and is ported to many other systems
like:
<ul>
<li>UNIX environment through a graphical user interface and shell in X-Windows
<li><a href="../platforms/index.php">MS-Windows</a> (NT/2000/XP with Cygwin)
for the experimental winGRASS port
<li><a href="http://www.openosx.com/grass/">MacOS X</a>
</ul>
Here are some example screenshots on GRASS running under Linux,
Windows/Cygwin and MacOS X.
<p><a href="demos/grass5_kdesnapshot_medium.jpg"><DEFANGED_IMG src="../demos/grass5_kdesnapshot_small.jpg" border=1 ALT="GRASS 5 onLinux" hspace=5></a>
<a href="demos/winGRASS_big.png"><DEFANGED_IMG src="../demos/winGRASS.png" border=1 alt="GRASS 5 on WINDOWS" hspace=5></a>
<a href="demos/mac_grass_mockup_1.jpg"><DEFANGED_IMG src="../demos/mac_grass_small.jpg" border=1 alt="GRASS on MacOS X"></a>
<br>
<a NAME="whattodo"></a>
<h3>What can I do with GRASS? - Some examples</h3>
<ul>
<li>See our growing <a href="links.html">Applications and Screenshots</a> page.
Here you will find many examples on Applications and Institutes using GRASS, including an image gallery and reports.</li>
<li>Check out the new <a href="../grid3d/index.html">3D
raster volume format</a>. It comes along with a 3D raster map algebra module,
3D volume interpolation, and other features. You can also export the GRASS 3D
data to Vis5D visualization tool.</li>
<li>Maybe you are interested in one of the many GRASS GIS <a href="related_projects.html">related
projects and libraries</a>, such as MapServer, GDAL, PostgreSQL, OGR, libgrass, PROJ4 etc.</a>.
<li>Or have a look at the <a href="../nviz/index.html">NVIZ 3-D GRASS Interface</a>.
<li>Get information about the <a href="../grass57/index.html">GRASS 5.7 development</a>.
<li>There also exist many external packages for GRASS called <a href="grass_addons.html">Add-ons</a>.
<li>GRASS as a modular based GIS offers a wide range of possibilites to build professional
solutions. The figure below is an example how grass can be used with other
applications</li>
</ul>
<p>
<br><a href="../images/grass_solutions.png"><DEFANGED_IMG
SRC="../images/grass_solutions_small.png" ALT="GRASS Solutions" NOSAVE></a>
<p>
<a NAME="database"></a>
<h3>Does GRASS support SQL databases?</h3>
GRASS can be used for vast amounts of useful work without needing an
external database installed at all. Specifically if you have
data with multiple attributes (e.g. in a DBF file exported from other GIS or
database software) and wish to manipulate the data using
queries on these multiple attributes, you may find it useful to use an
external database. In GRASS 5.0/5.3
there are drivers for ODBC and PostgreSQL (see the related <a
href=sqlgrasslist.html>GRASS/SQL page</a>).<br>
In <a href=grass57/index.html>GRASS 5.7</a> it becomes really exciting and
also includes native support for DBF files. But
this system is not yet fully implemented.
<a NAME="torungrass"></a>
<h3>What do I need to run GRASS GIS?</h3>
You either need a standard PC or a workstation running a UNIX-like operating system with X-Windows
(Openwin, KDE, GNOME, fvwm2, ...), e.g.: Linux (Intel or PowerPC), Solaris (SPARC or Intel),
HP-UX (HP PA-RISC), FreeBSD (Intel, Alpha AXP), Mac OS X (PowerPC), or another UNIX-compliant
system <b>or</b> MS-Windows (NT/2000/XP with cygwin) for the experimental winGRASS port.
<p>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> You can also install Linux or another operating system in its own hard drive partition
and run a Windows system parallel in another hard drive partition.</li>
<ul>
<li>GRASS binaries need around 60-80MB space
<li>GRASS sources need around 100MB+.</li>
</ul>
<a NAME="softgrass"></a>
<h3>Looking for the GRASS software to download?</h3>
<ul>
<li>Please proceed to our <a href="download.html">download page.</a>
<br> Here you find all information on Binaries, Sources, CVS access,
installing, compiling, etc.
</ul>
<a NAME="importgrass"></a>
<h3>Well, I can't get my GIS data into GRASS! What now?</h3>
<ul>
<li>A good idea is to read the <a href="../gdp/html_grass5/import.html">GRASS data import</a>
and also the <a href="../gdp/html_grass5/export.html">GRASS data export</a>
help pages. As GRASS supports a wide range of image, raster, vector and
sites data formats, you will probably find some module handling your data.
<li>From the GRASS <a href="../gdp/online.html">online manual
pages</a> you can get all information about modules, etc.
<li>Besides this you may always ask at one of the existing <a href="support.html">GRASS Users mailing
lists</a> - <strong>don't hesitate!</strong>
</ul>
<a NAME="docgrass"></a>
<h3>The GRASS Documentation Project</h3>
<ul>The documentation in GRASS is managed within the <a href="../gdp/index.html">GRASS Documentation Project
(GDP)</a>. The idea is to collect all the online documentation available for GRASS
in one space. The GDP is devided into 6 sections:
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="../gdp/general.html">General/Features</a> (descriptions on GRASS modules, FAQs, related articles etc.)
and Manual pages (GRASS 4.x and GRASS 5.x commands and manual pages)
<li><a href="../gdp/tutorials.html">Books, Tutorials</a> (Tutorials in english, italian, german etc.)
and GRASS Courses in english, german, japanese)
<li><a href="../gdp/installation.html">Install/Prog</a> (Documentation on Installing and Programming GRASS)
<li><a href="../gdp/special.html">Special Topics</a> (DBMS, modeling, analysis etc.)
</ul>
If you have additional documents for the GDP, please send a mail to
<a href="mailto:weblist at grass.itc.it"><em>GRASS web page team</em></a>.
<a NAME="location"></a>
<h3>What are LOCATIONs and MAPSETs?</h3>
A LOCATION is some geographic extent of interest that contains data sets
that [should] all be in the same coordinate system. Every location has a
PERMANENT directory which stores some basic information about the whole
location, and is a good place to park base files. You can think of a
location as a data library for a region of interest.
<p>
In a MAPSET you can organize GIS maps thematically or geographically or by
project or whatever. Every GRASS session runs under the name of a MAPSET. A
MAPSET may be a geographical subset or as large as the parent LOCATION.
Technically they are subdirectories under any location. In a networked
environment with several users working within the same location, mapsets
play a special role. Users may only select (and thus modify) a mapset that
they own (i.e., have created). However, data in all mapsets for a given
location can be read by anyone (unless prevented by UNIX file permissions).
The "PERMANENT" mapset usually contains the read-only base maps like the
elevation model, while the other locations are readable and writable by
their owners. The "PERMANENT" mapset also contains some information about
the location itself that is not found in other mapsets (projection info
etc.), thus it must exist in every location.
<p>
Putting LOCATIONs on a central server, a team can work inside this project
database (usually NFS is used).
<a NAME="tutograss"></a>
<h3>Looking for GRASS tutorials or sample data?</h3>
<ul>
<li>There is an online <a href="../gdp/tutorials.html">Books and Tutorials Collection</a> available
inside the <a href="../gdp/index.html">GRASS Documentation Project (GDP)</a>. Here
you find links to existing GRASS Tutorials in english and several
foreign languages (german, italian, korean and polish).
<li>A nice tutorial is the <a href="http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/assist/grass/seeds/">GRASS
Seeds Beginner's Tutorial</a>, which comes with its own sample dataset.
<p>
<li>We also provide further <a href="../download/data.php">sample datasets</a>
including data which are already in GRASS format and ready to use and links to external GIS data
(raster, vector etc.).
</ul>
<a NAME="progrgrass"></a>
<h3>I know GIS already and want to program within the GRASS environment</h3>
<ul>
<li>As GRASS is an open source GIS, so you have full access. We suggest that you get a fresh copy from
the <a href="../devel/cvs.php">GRASS CVS repository</a>.
<br>Consider to subscribe to the GRASS <a href="../devel/index.php">Developers mailing list</a>.
A draft GRASS 5 Programmer's Manual is available <a href="../grass50/progmangrass50.pdf">here</a>.
Newer versions can be extracted from the source code directly (see GRASS 5.7 onwards).
<p>
<li>If you would like to take part in the GRASS Development. See also the
<a href="community/get_involved.php">Get Involved!</a> page.</ul>
<a NAME="firstsession"></a>
<h3>I downloaded GRASS - but what now?</h3>
<ul>
<li>GRASS is running in a session.
The data are stored in a so-called "location" which is effectively a collection
of subdirectories. When running GRASS, you have to define or load such
a location which contains the data as well as projection definitions.
<li>To start with own data, create
an emtpy directory within your home directory. For example, call it "grassdata".
This directory is where GRASS will create and store its database.
<li>To warm up, we strongly recommend to start with <a href="../download/data.php">sample datasets!</a>.
<br>
A good idea is to download the Spearfish data containing raster, vector and
point data of South Dakota. There is also described how to start GRASS with the SPEARFISH
dataset.
<li>After extraction of the sample
data set in the "grassdata" directory, start GRASS: <br>
<b>grass5</b> or <strong>grass43</strong> <br> in your terminal.
<li>Enter a name for the project area ("location") and subarea ("mapset"). The mapset extent can be the
same as the location extent (the best is to enter your own name here).
Enter the path to your "grassdata" directory. Example (see startup screen):
</ul>
<p>
<center>
<DEFANGED_IMG SRC="../images/locsetting.jpg" ALT="GRASS Location Setting" align=CENTER>
</center>
<p>
<ul>
<li>In this example GRASS would be started in the spearfish location under the mapset emil.
You can now start working (open a X-window with d.mon start=x0, visualise a
raster map with d.rast etc.), but at this point you should refer to one of the GRASS
<a href="../gdp/tutorials.html">Tutorials</a> or other help available on the GRASS pages.
</ul>
<p>
<center><b>Enjoy the world's largest open source GIS!</b>
<p><DEFANGED_IMG SRC="../images/3dgrass.gif" ALT="3D raster volume visualization of finesand distribution using GRASS 5" NOSAVE height=228 width=294></center>
</dl>
See additionally further <a href="../gdp/tutorial.html">Online Courses</a> for further help and
the <a href="../gdp/online.html">online manual pages</a>.</center>
<div align="right">
<i>Last change: $Date: 2004/12/19 16:41:40 $ </i><br>
<i>$Author: markus $</i>
</div>
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<head>
<DEFANGED_meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<DEFANGED_link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sitestyle.css">
<title>Links</title>
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<body>
<!-- HEADER -->
<table width=100%><tr><td width=80>
<A HREF="index.html">
<DEFANGED_IMG src="images/grass.smlogo.gif" alt="HOME" border="0" align=middle></A>
</td><td><H1>
GRASS Applications and Screenshots
</H1></td></tr></table>
<!-- END OF HEADER -->
<center>
<a href=demos/grass5_kdesnapshot_medium.jpg><DEFANGED_IMG src=demos/grass5_kdesnapshot_small.jpg ALT="GRASS 5 on KDE2/Linux"
border=0 align=middle></a> <a href="demos/europe_nviz.jpg"><DEFANGED_IMG src="demos/europe_nviz_small.jpg"
border=0 ALT="Parts of Europe (GLOBE DEM 1km)" align=middle></a><br>
</CENTER>
GRASS 5 screenshots: <a href=demos/grass5_kdesnapshot_small.jpg>small</a>,
<a href=demos/grass5_kdesnapshot_medium.jpg>medium</a>, <a
href=demos/grass5_kdesnapshot.jpg>big</a> (250kb)
<p>
On this page you find worldwide demonstrations of the power of GRASS GIS.
Here are ongoing GRASS projects linked. If you have input for this page, please <a href="mailto:weblist at grass.itc.it"> email us</a>.
<h2>Applications</h2>
<dl>
<dd>Internet GIS using GRASS:
<dl>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> Tourist GIS: <a
href="http://www.dogwander.com/">North Idaho region</A> based on GRASS [english]
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> WWW-GIS: <a
href="http://ugo.dipteris.unige.it/glink/">Environmental Geochemistry of Italy /
Geochemical Database of Liguria</A> with GRASSLinks 3.1 [english]
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> GRASS online with <A
HREF="http://www.regis.berkeley.edu/glinks/"> GRASSLinks 3.1</A> [english]
(at REGIS at Univerity of California, Berkeley). GRASSLinks offers WWW-access to spatial databases.</DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> Japanese geological Info-Server: GRASS online with <A
HREF="http://www.media.osaka-cu.ac.jp/~raghavan/onlinegis/"> GRASSLinks</A> [japanese/english]
(at Osaka City University, Japan). - <a
href="http://gisws.media.osaka-cu.ac.jp/grasslinks/">2nd server</a></DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> Japanese Landslide Database
<a href=http://gisws.media.osaka-cu.ac.jp/slidelinks/>"SLIDELinks"</A>
(at Osaka City University, Japan)
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> Australian geological Info-Server: GRASS online with <A
HREF="http://www.agcrc.csiro.au/4dgm/grasslinks/"> GRASSLinks</A> [english]
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> SPEARFISH-Server: GRASS online with <A
HREF="http://www.geog.uni-hannover.de/grasslinks/"> GRASSLinks</A> [german/english]
(at Hannover University, Germany).</DD>
<p>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A
HREF="http://grules.sourceforge.net/">Grules: JAVA-GRASS Server</A>
(Federico Ponchio, Italy)</DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A
HREF="http://196.3.4.220:8000/jdb/icens.sivs?class=gis">JAVA-GRASS Server</A>
(username: guest, password: icens) (University of the West Indies, Jamaica)
</DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A
HREF="http://grass.itc.it/start.html">GRASS linked to MapServer</A>
</DD>
</dl>
<p>
Geological Applications:
<dl>
<dd><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"><a
href="http://gisws.media.osaka-cu.ac.jp/slidelinks/"> Landslide Database</a> (Osaka City
University) - GRASS, Internet and DBMS
</dl>
<p>
Hydrological Applications:
<dl>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"><a href="http://srph.brc.tamus.edu/humus/html/mapquery.html">
HUMUS Online</a> -
The Hydrologic Unit Model for the United States, an online water resources project
using GRASS from the TAES-Blackland Research Center.</DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"><a href="http://research.esd.ornl.gov/~hnw/">
A great set of visualizations and demos</a> can be found at William Hargrove's website,
including the Clinch River Restoration Project. Lots of mpegs and animations.</DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"><a href="http://www.waterplan.water.ca.gov/landwateruse/indexlawu.html">California Department of Water Resouces</a> - Creates all GIS datasets using GRASS and GRASS mapsets are available on CD
</dl>
</dl>
<h2>Image Gallery - Reports</h2>
<dl>
<dd><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> NVIZ 3D tool:
<A HREF="demos/nviz_hill3d.jpg"><DEFANGED_IMG src="demos/nviz_hill3d_small.jpg"
align=middle alt="Northern Germany: hill from mining
residuals/selected buildings with vectorized toposheet"</a>
<A HREF="demos/ortho3d.jpg"><DEFANGED_IMG src="demos/ortho3d_small.jpg"
align=middle alt="Northern Germany: hill from mining
residuals/selected buildings with aerial image"</a>
<A HREF="demos/nviz_inntal.jpg"><DEFANGED_IMG src="demos/nviz_inntal_small.jpg"
align=middle alt="Alps/Europe: LANDSAT-TM draped over GTOPO30 DEM"></a>
<A HREF="demos/nviz_karwendel.jpg"><DEFANGED_IMG src="demos/nviz_karwendel_small.jpg"
align=middle alt="Alps (Karwendel region): LANDSAT-TM draped over GTOPO30 DEM"></a>
<dd><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF="demos/ogl3d_preview.gif">OGL3D visualization tool screenshot</a></dd>
<dd><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A
HREF="http://skagit.meas.ncsu.edu/~helena/gmslab/viz/sinter.html">Multidimensional
spatial interpolation</a> at GMS Laboratory, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign - The best visualizations around!
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif">GRASS <A HREF="http://skagit.meas.ncsu.edu/~helena/gmslab/viz/vol1.html">Visualization demos</A>
from UIUC Viz Group - visit also the <A HREF="gdp/nviz/index.html">NVIZ</A> and <A HREF="http://skagit.meas.ncsu.edu/~helena/gmslab/gsoils/doc/sg3d42.html">SG3d</a> pages
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif">GRASS <A HREF=http://www.elsevier.nl:80/homepage/misc/cageo/mitas/mitas.htm>Report about Dynamic Cartography in simulations of landscape processes</A> from L. Mitas, B. Brown and H. Mitasova</DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif">GRASS sample images from <A HREF="http://www.hpcc.nectec.or.th/GIS/grass.html#images">Thailand</A> from HPCC/NECTEC </DD>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF=grassgui.html>TclTKGRASS</a> graphical user interface.
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF=demos/morph.gif>Geomorphological Analysis of DEM</a> (r.param.scale)
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF=demos/basin-map-stream.gif>Basin streams</a> calculation (r.watershed)
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF=demos/elevation-stream.gif>Stream calculation from DEM</a> (r.watershed)
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF=demos/least_cost.png>Least cost routing</a> (r.cost, r.drain: Alps traverse example)
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF=demos/i_points.jpg>Setting ground control points for satellite image registering</a> (i.points)
</dl>
<h2>Image Gallery/ Animation</h2>
<dl>
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A HREF=demos/spearfish.wrl>VRML output</a> of SPEARFISH dataset: geological map draped over DEM
(r.vrml) - <A HREF=demos/spearfish_big.wrl>big version</a> (shaded elevation
map with 150m resolution)
<DD><DEFANGED_IMG src="images/bullet_green.gif"> <A
HREF="demos/3D_flight.mpg">3D keyframe animation</A> made by SG3d GRASS module (520kb MPEGfile). <DEFANGED_IMG src="demos/3d.gif" align=center> </DD>
</dl>
</DL>
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