[Landsat-pds] Landsat-pds Digest, Vol 2, Issue 4

Fri Feb 6 16:08:43 PST 2015

FWIW, the “Frank’s words” on compression and tiling that Mark references are here: https://github.com/landsat-pds/landsat_ingestor/blob/master/Compression.md

On Feb 6, 2015, at 3:48 PM, Korver, Mark <mkorver at amazon.com<mailto:mkorver at amazon.com>> wrote:

Normally when I am working with large TIFF files I will check to see their structure and if not tiled I will internally tile them to the same 512x512 that Peter mentions. That assumes clients are typically looking at parts of the TIFF file, which is true if we are just trying to speed up a WMS server.
In that sense the 512 rings true to me, but having gone back and read Frank's words on the landsat ingestor process, I can see that the 512 is my typical use-case and maybe not someone else's best practice for sat scenes.
In fact, now that I think about it, I just saw a great demo yesterday? (seems like yesterday) where the whole point was interactive coding that was processing multiple L8 bands, and not some part of scene, but the whole scene, or scenes. Not sure about this but that code is probably quite happy with no tiles.

Also, I would disagree on tiling for latency reasons. I don't think we will be doing range gets to S3 for this data. With what I saw yesterday and what I do with aerial imagery, the first request for the L8 band or aerial image might have some latency due to having to get the file off of S3, but subsequent requests will be to a cached copy on SSD 'local' to the EC2 instance.
Also, latency is an interesting question with S3. From the individual compute node perspective the first request will be slow vs a local disk. But if you have a large cluster of nodes requesting data at  the same time off of the same shared storage system, that storage starts looking very low latency.
- Mark

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Message: 1will
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2015 00:41:25 +0000
From: Peter Becker <pbecker at esri.com<mailto:pbecker at esri.com>>
To: "landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org<mailto:landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org>" <landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org<mailto:landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org>>
Subject: [Landsat-pds] Tiling Scenes
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<A6B8217F0F87DD47AD6ACF0E268DB249B94CCEC6 at RED-INF-EXMB-P1.esri.com<mailto:A6B8217F0F87DD47AD6ACF0E268DB249B94CCEC6 at RED-INF-EXMB-P1.esri.com>>
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I noticed that the scenes are currently compressed using Deflate and  a predictor of 2 (horizontal difference).
The deflate brings down the file size, but does not allow sections of the imagery to be read without reading all previous pixels. This will significantly affect performance of any applications that only need to read parts of the image.
I would like to recommend that the following is added to the GDAL_translate command
    -co TILED=YES -co BLOCKXSIZE=512 -co BLOCKYSIZE=512 Tiling will improve access and is a standard part of TIF.
Using a tiling size of 512 is more optimum for storage that has higher latency.
In my tests I noticed a slight (1-2%) decrease in the resulting filesize as well.

_Peter

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Message: 2
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 2015 00:41:25 +0000
From: Peter Becker <pbecker at esri.com<mailto:pbecker at esri.com>>
To: "landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org<mailto:landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org>" <landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org<mailto:landsat-pds at lists.osgeo.org>>
Subject: [Landsat-pds] Including Overviews
Message-ID:
<A6B8217F0F87DD47AD6ACF0E268DB249B94CCECC at RED-INF-EXMB-P1.esri.com<mailto:A6B8217F0F87DD47AD6ACF0E268DB249B94CCECC at RED-INF-EXMB-P1.esri.com>>
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Currently the scenes do not include any overviews. This forces applications to read the imagery at full resolution even if accessing at a small scale.
It's common to include overviews/pyramids/reduced resolution datasets with such imagery.
I would like to recommend that such overviews are included with the imagery

Typically this would increase the file size by approx 33%, which is quite considerable.
The size of the overviews can be reduced by skipping a level (eg use level  4 8 16 32) vs 2 4 8 16 32, alternatively using a factor of 3 ie 3 9 27 81 I tested this out on some images using Deflate with predictor 2
2 4 8 16 32  adds about 35%
4 8 16 32  adds about 9%
3 9 27 81 adds about 13%
My recommendation is to go with the 3 9 27 81 factors. This keeps the factor constant between all levels.
Average sampling would be used, except for the BQA band for which Nearest (else Majority) should be used.

Implementation would only require adding GDALADDO to the existing script

We would also need to determine if we use internal or external overviews.
Internal overviews would increase the size of the files, but not change the directory structure.
Using external overviews (.tif.ovr) would add additional files to the directory, is more specific to GDAL.

As I expect many users to be using GDAL to access these files, I would recommend that we use the external overviews. I don't see the additional files as a burden.

One other potential concern (and I'm hoping Frank can answer this) is the tile size of the overviews. GDAL appear to always use a tile size (BLOCKSIZE) of 128. It would be more optimum if the file size could be set to 512.

_Peter

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