[gdal-dev] Crash in GEOS iterating through the layers in a PBF-file loaded with the MVT driver in GDAL 3.12.4#2

Fri Jun 19 07:04:48 PDT 2026

Hi Roman,

We ended up getting other reports of this problem, which appears to be
associated with recent releases of the MSVC compiler. It has been fixed in
GEOS main via https://github.com/libgeos/geos/pull/1453. That fix should
show up in 3.14.2.

Thanks,
Dan

On Tue, Jun 9, 2026 at 6:11 AM Daniel Baston <dbaston at gmail.com> wrote:

> Hello Roman,
>
> Unfortunately, I haven't been able to reproduce the problem either locally
> or on the GDAL CI builders. As the stack trace indicates a failure in the
> GEOS library, I would suggest updating to the latest version of that
> library and posting your issue to the bug tracker of that project [1] if
> the problem persists.
>
> Dan
>
> [1] https://github.com/libgeos/geos/issues
>
>
>
> On Mon, Jun 8, 2026 at 8:21 AM Daniel Baston <dbaston at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Hello Roman,
>>
>> Could you please share your input file, either in a GitHub issue or to me
>> by email? I don't recall a recent bug like this, so you may have found a
>> new issue.
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Dan
>>
>> On Mon, Jun 8, 2026 at 7:17 AM Roman Plöhn via gdal-dev <
>> gdal-dev at lists.osgeo.org> wrote:
>>
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> in our company we since many years use GDAL (for building C++ software
>>> for Windows only) from VCPKG.
>>>
>>> The GDAL version used in the most recent VCPKG is 3.12.4#2, in which I
>>> encounter a reproducable crash in RELEASE builds when opening a file
>>> downloaded from a Map-Tiles server, as soon as I iterate through its layers.
>>>
>>> My main question about this problem is if this problem is already fixed
>>> in a more recent GDAL version ... if so I could send the VCPKG-maintainers
>>> a feature request to ask them to update the GDAL package in there to a
>>> version, where it doesn't crash anymore.
>>>
>>> Below is a description of the problem. If needed I can send the file in
>>> question.
>>>
>>> For us this is a serioes issue, because it hinders us from using a
>>> recent version of VCPKG at all (we even use the dependend lib mapnik, which
>>> needs GDAL).
>>>
>>> I really hope someone can help me ...
>>>
>>> Best regards,
>>>
>>> have a nice day,
>>>
>>> Roman
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> The function I use to reproduce the crash is quite simpel:
>>>
>>> auto GetLayerFeaureFIDs( OGRLayer& layer ) -> std::vector< GIntBig >
>>> {
>>> std::cout << "Processing layer '" << layer.GetName() << "'...\n";
>>>
>>> std::vector< GIntBig > fids;
>>>
>>> OGRFeature* feature = layer.GetNextFeature();
>>>
>>> for ( ; feature != nullptr; feature = layer.GetNextFeature() )
>>> {
>>> if ( nullptr == feature )
>>> {
>>> std::cout << "Got a null feature from layer '" << layer.GetName() << "'.
>>> Skipping it.\n";
>>> continue;
>>> }
>>>
>>> fids.push_back( feature->GetFID() );
>>> }
>>>
>>> return fids;
>>> }
>>>
>>> It doesn't happen for each layer, i.e. in my DEBUG build, where no crash
>>> happens, an error is reported about a thrown TopologyException:
>>>
>>> Debug: GDAL: GDALOpen(C:\Projects\TestGdal\x64\Debug\43.pbf,
>>> this=000001D7A8789410) succeeds as MVT. (code: 0)
>>> Processing layer 'boundary'...
>>> Processing layer 'landcover'...
>>> Failure: TopologyException: side location conflict at 3934.7142857142858
>>> 3859.8571428571427. This can occur if the input geometry is invalid. (code:
>>> 1)
>>> Processing layer 'landuse'...
>>> Failure: TopologyException: side location conflict at 494.19230769230768
>>> 2796.5769230769229. This can occur if the input geometry is invalid. (code:
>>> 1)
>>> ...
>>>
>>> The crash is a Access Violation, the top of the call-stack looks like
>>> this:
>>>
>>>   [Inline Frame] geos.dll!geos::geom::CoordinateXY::equals2D(const
>>> geos::geom::CoordinateXY &) Line 106 C++
>>>   [Inline Frame]
>>> geos.dll!geos::index::kdtree::KdTree::queryNodePoint(geos::index::kdtree::KdNode
>>> * currentNode, const geos::geom::Coordinate & odd, bool) Line 235 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::index::kdtree::KdTree::query(const
>>> geos::geom::Coordinate & queryPt) Line 289 C++
>>>   [Inline Frame]
>>> geos.dll!geos::noding::snapround::HotPixelIndex::find(const
>>> geos::geom::Coordinate &) Line 146 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::noding::snapround::HotPixelIndex::addRounded(const
>>> geos::geom::CoordinateXYZM & pRound) Line 48 C++
>>>   [Inline Frame]
>>> geos.dll!geos::noding::snapround::HotPixelIndex::add(const
>>> geos::geom::CoordinateXYZM &) Line 90 C++
>>>   [Inline Frame]
>>> geos.dll!geos::noding::snapround::HotPixelIndex::addNodes::__l2::<lambda_8c47a75e4bac7a256ab75080e3e5d5f0>::operator()(const
>>> geos::geom::CoordinateXYZM &) Line 127 C++
>>>
>>> geos.dll!geos::geom::CoordinateSequence::forEach<<lambda_8c47a75e4bac7a256ab75080e3e5d5f0>>(geos::noding::snapround::HotPixelIndex::addNodes::__l2::<lambda_8c47a75e4bac7a256ab75080e3e5d5f0>
>>> && fun) Line 701 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::noding::snapround::HotPixelIndex::addNodes(const
>>> geos::geom::CoordinateSequence * pts) Line 130 C++
>>>
>>> geos.dll!geos::noding::snapround::SnapRoundingNoder::addIntersectionPixels(std::vector<geos::noding::SegmentString
>>> *,std::allocator<geos::noding::SegmentString *>> & segStrings) Line 85 C++
>>>
>>> geos.dll!geos::noding::snapround::SnapRoundingNoder::snapRound(std::vector<geos::noding::SegmentString
>>> *,std::allocator<geos::noding::SegmentString *>> & inputSegStrings,
>>> std::vector<geos::noding::SegmentString
>>> *,std::allocator<geos::noding::SegmentString *>> & resultNodedSegments)
>>> Line 70 C++
>>>
>>> geos.dll!geos::operation::overlayng::EdgeNodingBuilder::node(std::vector<geos::noding::SegmentString
>>> *,std::allocator<geos::noding::SegmentString *>> * segStrings) Line 122 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::operation::overlayng::EdgeNodingBuilder::build(const
>>> geos::geom::Geometry * geom0, const geos::geom::Geometry * geom1) Line 104
>>> C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::operation::overlayng::OverlayNG::computeEdgeOverlay()
>>> Line 227 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::operation::overlayng::OverlayNG::getResult() Line 195
>>> C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::operation::overlayng::OverlayNG::overlay(const
>>> geos::geom::Geometry * geom0, const geos::geom::Geometry * geom1, int
>>> opCode, const geos::geom::PrecisionModel * pm) Line 100 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::operation::overlayng::OverlayNGRobust::overlaySR(const
>>> geos::geom::Geometry * geom0, const geos::geom::Geometry * geom1, int
>>> opCode) Line 295 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::operation::overlayng::OverlayNGRobust::Overlay(const
>>> geos::geom::Geometry * geom0, const geos::geom::Geometry * geom1, int
>>> opCode) Line 147 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::geom::HeuristicOverlay(const geos::geom::Geometry * g0,
>>> const geos::geom::Geometry * g1, int opCode) Line 194 C++
>>>   geos.dll!geos::geom::Geometry::intersection(const geos::geom::Geometry
>>> * other) Line 616 C++
>>>   [Inline Frame]
>>> geos_c.dll!GEOSIntersection_r::__l2::<lambda_3988e1633fcf92bee6886158a6950fe9>::operator()()
>>> Line 1322 C++
>>>   geos_c.dll!execute<`anonymous
>>> namespace'::InterruptManager,<lambda_3988e1633fcf92bee6886158a6950fe9>,0>(GEOSContextHandle_HS
>>> * extHandle,
>>> GEOSIntersection_r::__l2::<lambda_3988e1633fcf92bee6886158a6950fe9> && f)
>>> Line 521 C++
>>>   geos_c.dll!GEOSIntersection_r(GEOSContextHandle_HS * extHandle, const
>>> geos::geom::Geometry * g1, const geos::geom::Geometry * g2) Line 1326 C++
>>>   gdal.dll!BuildGeometryFromTwoGeoms(const OGRGeometry * poSelf, const
>>> OGRGeometry * poOtherGeom, GEOSGeom_t *(*)(GEOSContextHandle_HS *, const
>>> GEOSGeom_t *, const GEOSGeom_t *) pfnGEOSFunction_r) Line 3814 C++
>>>   gdal.dll!OGRMVTLayer::GetNextRawFeature() Line 1381 C++
>>>   [Inline Frame]
>>> gdal.dll!OGRGetNextFeatureThroughRaw<OGRMVTLayerBase>::GetNextFeature()
>>> Line 513 C++
>>>   gdal.dll!OGRMVTLayerBase::GetNextFeature() Line 144 C++
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>>
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