[postgis-users] Substantial different index use between 9.5 and 9.6 using Postgis

Thu Dec 1 20:50:33 PST 2016

Oops minor change we also added PARALLEL SAFE to a good number of functions, though I don't see how that could cause your issue.
So full def should be below for 9.6

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION _st_contains(geom1 geometry, geom2 geometry) RETURNS boolean AS '$libdir/postgis-2.3', 'contains'
LANGUAGE c IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE
COST 1000; 

-----Original Message-----
From: Regina Obe [mailto:lr at pcorp.us] 
Sent: Thursday, December 01, 2016 11:48 PM
To: 'PostGIS Users Discussion' <postgis-users at lists.osgeo.org>
Subject: RE: [postgis-users] Substantial different index use between 9.5 and 9.6 using Postgis

I have seen this on rare occasions in past but not recently where the planner doesn't break apart the ST_Contains or ST_Intersects into the component steps.
We made some changes to costing in 2.3.0, but ST_Contains (and _ST_Contains) wasn't one of them so that doesn't quite explain this.
Couple of things to try

1) On the _ST_Contains function in set the cost to something higher like 1000:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION _st_contains(geom1 geometry, geom2 geometry) RETURNS boolean AS '$libdir/postgis-2.3', 'contains'
LANGUAGE c IMMUTABLE STRICT
COST 1000;

And then try your query again/

2) If Item 1 doesn't work what happens if you explicitly put in && and _ST_Contains

That should force the index to kick in.

-----Original Message-----
From: postgis-users [mailto:postgis-users-bounces at lists.osgeo.org] On Behalf Of Bill Measday
Sent: Thursday, December 01, 2016 7:47 PM
To: postgis-users at lists.osgeo.org
Subject: [postgis-users] Substantial different index use between 9.5 and 9.6 using Postgis

This is a post I put on the potgres performance list.  They suggested I take it up on the PostGis list

Postgres versions 9.5.4 and 9.6.0 running on Windows Server 2012. 
Installed using EnterpriseDB. Both instances are on the same server, postgresql.conf for both are the same except max_locks_per_transaction =
200 in 9.6 (caused insertion errors otherwise).

On 9.5:
geo=# SELECT PostGIS_full_version();
postgis_full_version

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  POSTGIS="2.2.2 r14797" GEOS="3.5.0-CAPI-1.9.0 r4090" PROJ="Rel. 4.9.1,
04 March 2015" GDAL="GDAL 2.0.2, released 2016/01/26" LIBXML="2.7.8" 
LIBJSON="0.12" RASTER
(1 row)

  On 9.6:

postgis_full_version

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  POSTGIS="2.3.0 r15146" GEOS="3.5.0-CAPI-1.9.0 r4090" PROJ="Rel. 4.9.1,
04 March 2015" GDAL="GDAL 2.1.1, released 2016/07/07" LIBXML="2.7.8" 
LIBJSON="0.12" RASTER
(1 row)

Databases on the 2 instances are the same (as far as I can tell).

I have 2 relevant tables (created using same script in both instances, except I added an auto increment RID to the 9.6 version as primary key to the larger of the 2 tables - other already had one). One contains a geometry column (geom geometry(1107464) - a polygon) with  gist index.  
This table has around 10 billion records. The disks these databases on aren't particularly fast, and indexing took about a week.
Second table has latitude (numeric(10, 8)), and longitude (numeric(11,
8)) and about 10 million records.

The query I'm running is (a part of an insertion into a new table I was trying to run)
     SELECT address_default_geocode_pid,
     (SELECT elevation FROM m_elevations e WHERE ST_Contains(e.geom, ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(longitude, latitude), 4326))),
     ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(latitude, longitude), 4283)
      FROM address_default_geocode;

Under 9.5 the insertion takes about 11 hours. I gave up on 9.6.

I thought I'd try just one record, so:

SELECT address_default_geocode_pid,
     (SELECT elevation FROM m_elevations e WHERE ST_Contains(e.geom, ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(longitude, latitude), 4326))),
     ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(latitude, longitude), 4283)
      FROM address_default_geocode
      WHERE latitude = -33.87718472 AND longitude = 151.27544336;

This returns 3 rows (which is more than the average I'd expect BTW). On
9.5 takes a few seconds (3-5) and again I gave up on 9.6

Looking just at the query shown above, I note a difference in explained behaviour.  Here is the output from 9.5:

     QUERY PLAN

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Seq Scan on address_default_geocode  (cost=0.00..37760293.94 rows=1
width=25)
    Filter: ((latitude = '-33.87718472'::numeric) AND (longitude =
151.27544336))
    SubPlan 1
      ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on m_elevations e
(cost=282802.21..37401439.43 rows=3512160 width=8)
            Recheck Cond: (geom ~
st_setsrid(st_makepoint((address_default_geocode.longitude)::double
precision, (address_default_geocode.latitude)::double precision), 4326))
            Filter: _st_contains(geom,
st_setsrid(st_makepoint((address_default_geocode.longitude)::double
precision, (address_default_geocode.latitude)::double precision), 4326))
            ->  Bitmap Index Scan on m_elevations_geom_idx
(cost=0.00..281924.17 rows=10536480 width=0)
                  Index Cond: (geom ~
st_setsrid(st_makepoint((address_default_geocode.longitude)::double
precision, (address_default_geocode.latitude)::double precision), 4326))
(8 rows)

 From 9.6

     QUERY PLAN

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Seq Scan on address_default_geocode
(cost=10000000000.00..23297309357.08 rows=1 width=49)
    Filter: ((latitude = '-33.87718472'::numeric) AND (longitude =
151.27544336))
    SubPlan 1
      ->  Seq Scan on m_elevations e
(cost=10000000000.00..13296950520.12 rows=3512159563 width=8)
            Filter: st_contains(geom,
st_setsrid(st_makepoint((address_default_geocode.longitude)::double
precision, (address_default_geocode.latitude)::double precision), 4326))
(5 rows)

Interestingly (change is hard coding of coordinates in second line):

explain SELECT address_default_geocode_pid,
     (SELECT elevation FROM m_elevations e WHERE ST_Contains(e.geom, ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(151.27544336, -33.87718472), 4326))),
     ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(latitude, longitude), 4283)
      FROM address_default_geocode
      WHERE latitude = -33.87718472 AND longitude = 151.27544336;

Gives (in 9.6)

                                                QUERY PLAN

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Seq Scan on address_default_geocode
(cost=10037428497.36..10037787334.33 rows=1 width=49)
    Filter: ((latitude = '-33.87718472'::numeric) AND (longitude =
151.27544336))
    InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
      ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on m_elevations e
(cost=272194.20..37428497.36 rows=3512160 width=8)
            Recheck Cond: (geom ~
'0101000020E610000036E3976ED0E86240B879C29647F040C0'::geometry)
            Filter: _st_contains(geom,
'0101000020E610000036E3976ED0E86240B879C29647F040C0'::geometry)
            ->  Bitmap Index Scan on m_elevations_geom_idx
(cost=0.00..271316.16 rows=10536480 width=0)
                  Index Cond: (geom ~
'0101000020E610000036E3976ED0E86240B879C29647F040C0'::geometry)
(8 rows)

Which looks better.

So for some reason, 9.6 planner decides not to use the index for a small number of records returned from address_default_geocode.
I have vacuum analysed both tables.
Clearly a sequential scan on 10 billion records is pretty slow (to say the least).

Has anyone seen anything like this/got any thoughts?

I tried "set enable_seqscan=false" but didn't seem to have any effect.

Regards

Bill
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