[postgis-users] st_witin

[paul.malm at lfv.se]

Thanks Martin,
you confirmed what I suspected. A tolerance would have been nice to use.
/Paul

Från: postgis-users [mailto:postgis-users-bounces at lists.osgeo.org] För Martin Davis
Skickat: den 29 augusti 2019 18:06
Till: PostGIS Users Discussion
Ämne: Re: [postgis-users] st_witin


My guess is this is caused by numerical precision issues.  Due to numerical rounding, it is the case that the intersection  of line L with polygon P does NOT necessarily lie within P.  I.e.  ST_Within( ST_Intersection( L, P), P )  may or may NOT be true.

In general, due to numerical rounding the overlay operations are not fully consistent with the spatial predicates.  There's some more information about this in the JTS FAQ [1].

The reason for this is that in general it is impossible to accurately represent the intersection point of two line segments defined by floating point numbers using floating point numbers of the same precision.  So the result of ST_Intersection may contain a line segment with an endpoint that falls outside the polygon.  This situation is evaluated precisely by ST_Within, which thus returns false.

For your case, one fix is to create a new table for the initial intersections.  This should not contain any lines which did not intersect the polygon.  (You may also wish to filter out intersection results which are empty or of very short length, since these can theoretically occur).

In the future it may be possible that PostGIS provides spatial predicates which accept a distance tolerance, which should allow this issue to be handled more directly.

[1] https://locationtech.github.io/jts/jts-faq.html#D7

On Thu, Aug 29, 2019 at 4:58 AM <paul.malm at lfv.se<mailto:paul.malm at lfv.se>> wrote:
Hi,
I have a layer with lines that I have buffered to a polygon layer, those polygons (not multipolygons) are unioned and containes holes.
I would like to create a line layer (from another line layer) with the line parts that are within buffered area in the polygon layer.
I’ve tried like this:
update linelayer b set the_geom = ST_MULTI(ST_Intersection(b.the_geom, p.the_geom)) FROM polygonlayer p WHERE ST_Intersects(b.the_geom, p.the_geom)
This leaves me with the line parts inside the buffered area and all lines that had no intersection with the buffered polygons. That’s ok, but now I have to erase the lines that had no intersection with the polygons.
I run makevalid on the tables, to be sure
UPDATE polygonlayer SET the_geom = ST_Makevalid(the_geom) WHERE st_isvalid(the_geom)=false
UPDATE linelayer SET the_geom = ST_Makevalid(the_geom) WHERE st_isvalid(the_geom)=false

I create a primary key
ALTER TABLE linelayer ADD COLUMN \"pkkey\" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY

I reindex the tables, to be sure:
REINDEX TABLE linelayer
REINDEX TABLE polygonlayer

I change to LineStrings just to be sure not having several linestings in a MultiLineString
CREATE TABLE dumpedlines AS SELECT *, (ST_Dump(the_geom)).geom AS the_geom2 FROM lineLayer
ALTER TABLE dumpedlines DROP COLUMN IF EXISTS the_geom
ALTER TABLE dumpedlines RENAME COLUMN the_geom2 TO the_geom
ALTER TABLE dumpedlines ALTER COLUMN the_geom TYPE geometry(LineString, 32631)

Then I try to delete the lines outside the buffered polygons:
Delete from dumpedlines b WHERE b.pkkey NOT IN (SELECT b.pkkey FROM dumpedlines b, polygon layer c WHERE ST_within(b.the_geom, c.the_geom))

The result is not correct according to me, all the lines outside the buffered polygons are erased, but also SOME lines inside the buffered polygons (that are already cut by the polygons). I’ve also tried with _ST_within but with the same result.

Any ideas?
Thanks in advance,
Paul
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